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Testing of Fibres, Yarns and Fabrics and Their Recent Developments
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
A snag is loop of fibres that is being pulled from a fabric when it is in contact with a sharp or rough object. Fabrics made from very less twisted bulk continuous filament yarns are susceptible to snag. Also, woven fabrics with long floats or with less thread density (like gauge fabric) are prone to snagging. Knitted fabrics due to its unique loop structure are more vulnerable to snagging than similar kind of woven fabrics. A ‘Mace Snagging tester’ is used to find out the snagging propensity of a fabric (Figure 12.21). In this test, a metal ball with spikes (mace) is made to bounce randomly against a rotating fabric mounted on a cylinder. The cylinder with the fabric is rotated for a specific number of cycles. After the completion of the test, the fabric is removed from the cylinder and the surface appearance of the specimen is compared with a set of photographic standards, and a rating from 5 (no snagging) to 1 (severe snagging) is given (Saville 1999).
Nutmeg seed shell biochar as an effective adsorbent for removal of remazol brilliant blue reactive dye: kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Teema Thomas, Arun Kumar Thalla
Nutmeg (Myristica Fragrans) belongs to the Myristicaceae family, which originated in the Moluccas; however, its major cultivation is in Indonesia, Malaysia, the southern part of India, and the Island of Zanzibar (Widelski2017). It is mainly cultivated in the South region in India, particularly in Kerala, Andhra Pradesh, and the northeastern part of India. In 2020, India had a production of 15688 tonnes spread over 24252 ha (Spices Board, 2020); out of this, 15010 tonnes were from Kerala. As per the Indian spices board statistics published in 2021, India produces around 14342 tonnes of Nutmeg on average. The fruit is a single-seeded fleshy drupe with a pear shape, yellow color, and a pleasing aroma. Seed and mace are the main parts primarily used for spices flavoring, therapeutic applications, pharmaceutical applications, beverage preparations, and even preservatives (Al-jumaily and Al-amiry 2012); (Sulaiman and Ooi 2012). Because of its antioxidant property, leaves of Nutmeg find application in medical sciences (Zhanga et al. 2015).