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UNESCO World Heritage Sites, International Union of Geological Sciences and Heritage Stone Subcommission
Published in Gurmeet Kaur, Sakoon Singh, Anuvinder Ahuja, Noor Dasmesh Singh, Natural Stone and World Heritage, 2020
Gurmeet Kaur, Sakoon Singh, Anuvinder Ahuja, Noor Dasmesh Singh
Estremoz marble is marble from Portugal. This marble has been in use for architectonic creations since antiquity. The use of Estremoz marble goes back to the 4th century BC, and it finds use in the current scenario as well. It is exported to almost all European nations, China, Brazil, Egypt and Taiwan (Lopes and Martins, 2015).
Minerals, rocks, discontinuities and rock mass
Published in Ömer Aydan, Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering, 2019
Marble is metamorphosed limestone composed mostly of calcite. The metamorphism causes a complete recrystallization of the original rock into an interlocking mosaic of calcite, aragonite and/or dolomite crystals.
Metamorphism
Published in Aurèle Parriaux, Geology, 2018
When marble occurs in massive layers, it can be exploited as ornamental stone, as in the Carrara quarries in Italy, for example (Fig. 11.20b and 11.21).
Laboratorial Study of the Combined Effect of SO2 and High-Temperature Ageing on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Encostinha Marble, a Portuguese Stone
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2023
Edite Martinho, Amélia Dionisio, Ana Sofia Angélico
Marble is a relevant ornamental and dimensional stone applied around the world, either for monuments and historic buildings or on contemporaneous building façades and artworks. It has long been recognized and documented that stones, and marble is not an exception, change their characteristics with time (to a greater or lesser extent) in an attempt to adapt to the existing conditions, with implications on their durability. Marble has different and well-documented mechanical, chemical and biological weathering and decay processes; and most of the times, these processes work synergistically, i.e. the observed damage is the result of their interaction. In case of monuments, historic buildings and sculptures, special attention has been given to biological (e.g Dakal and Cameotra 2012; Favero-Longo and Viles 2020; Miller et al. 2012; Scheerer, Ortega-Morales, and Gaylarde 2009) and chemical processes, including salts and atmospheric contamination reactions (e.g. Cardell et al. 2003; Chabas and Jeannette 2001; Del Monte, Sabbioni, and Vittori 1981; Lan et al. 2005; Moropoulou et al. 1998; Yavuz and Topal 2007). With regard to marble cladding for building façades, special interest has been focused on thermal hysteresis combined with moisture (Grelk et al. 2004; Koch and Siegesmund 2002, 2004; Siegesmund, Ruedrich, and Koch 2008; Widhalm, Tschegg, and Eppensteiner 1996).
Geotechnical properties and microanalyses of marble dust-bentonite as an alternative geomaterial of sand-bentonite mixes
Published in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 2022
Ankush Kumar Jain, Arvind Kumar Jha, Ayush Kumar, M. P. Akhtar
Around 95% of marble of the country is being produced in Rajasthan, India which is also considered as the World’s largest manufacture (Pappu et al. 2006). Consequently, the generation of a huge amount of marble waste during quarry and processing causes a major environmental concern due to its unscientific disposal on land (Arora et al. 2016). Marble dust is used in various construction applications like; production of concrete as a filler to improve its properties (Unal et al. 2003), highway construction as a stabiliser (Mishra et al. 2006, Jain and Jha 2020), and brick manufacturing due to very fine particles of marble slurry (Bilgin et al. 2012). The advantageous geotechnical properties of marble dust such as high shear strength, higher permeability, and coarser particle size indicate its potential to be used as geomaterial for various geotechnical applications such as subgrade, embankment etc. (Okagbue and Onyeobi 1999, Jha and Jain 2019). Few studies have also been conducted to utilise marble dust to improve the properties of soils (Okagbue and Onyeobi 1999, Soosan et al. 2001a, Sabat et al. 2005, Jha and Jain 2019). However, performance evaluation of marble dust amended with bentonite has not been investigated yet in detail for its possible application as an alternative geomaterial of S-B mixes and, is a key objective of the present study.
Orange, Yellow, Brownish Stains and Alteration on White Marble at El Montazah in Alexandria, Egypt
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2021
Marble is a metamorphic stone composed of carbonate minerals (calcite and/or dolomite), in which calcite usually excesses of 95%. It is formed as a result of the recrystallization of limestone under the intense pressure and heat of geologic processes. The effect of metamorphic process is the creation of a stone with a very tight crystalline structure and change in textural properties such as grain size, shape and boundaries. Because of its structure, marble can take a very high polish and it is a very popular decorative stone for several applications such as building material, sculptural and ornamental purposes from the early-historic periods (late Neolithic – early Bronze Age culture), to the Greek and Roman times. Romans transported large quantities of marble from ancient Mediterranean quarries to the most near eastern archaeological sites (Capedri, Venturelli, and Photiades 2004).