China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
IoT Motivated Cyber-Physical and Industrial Internet Systems
Published in Pankaj Bhambri, Sita Rani, Gaurav Gupta, Alex Khang, Cloud and Fog Computing Platforms for Internet of Things, 2022
As shown in Figure 3.2, the intelligent sensors, also known as next-generation sensors, can process the sensed data to perform pre-defined functions by processing data. It provides the feature to customize the embedded algorithms in on-the-fly mode (Yurish, 2010). It is also capable of managing and controlling the operations of external sensors or other devices. Generally, an intelligent sensor consists of a sensor, a microcontroller, a memory unit with flash memory, RAM and ROM, and a platform that helps run the sensor applications. Some of the key advantages of using the intelligent sensors include, but are not limited to, optimized data communication, reduced power consumption, the customization of sensor nodes specific to the intended applications, a way to continuously calibrate and monitor the working on the sensors, adaptive sampling rate and sleep-wake cycles, use of a shorter software development time, and the improved compatibility and interoperability of sensors to cater to the different application needs (K. Lee, 2000).
Advanced Sensors for Mechatronics
Published in Marina Indri, Roberto Oboe, Mechatronics and Robotics, 2020
Naoki Oda, Toshiaki Tsuji, Yasue Mitsukura, Takahiro Ishikawa, Yuta Tawaki, Toshiyuki Murakami, Satoshi Suzuki, Yasutaka Fujimoto
As is well known, sensors and actuators are key technologies to develop industrial products and to achieve social innovation. In particular, intelligent sensor applications are important to improve system reliability and safety. The related technologies of intelligent transport systems (ITS) are given as a typical example of a sensor based intelligent system [1]. Recently, smart grids and smart communities have been taken up as one of the important topics of Green/Life innovation. In such a system, a LAN (local area network)–based sensors system is the key to the integration of several kinds of facilities, called a network node [2, 3]. From a viewpoint of system integration, sophisticated methods are required to design and integrate sensor and actuator networks with hundreds of thousands of nodes. Needless to say, they bring a sustainable, safe, and comfortable life from several aspects. Figure 3.1 shows a conceptual diagram of system integration for human, machine, and environment in the network nodes. In such a system, vision-based environment recognition is one of the indispensable functions to bring sophisticated control of the system. Furthermore, the fusion system of the flexible control based on sensor information and the motion control has come to be shown in our real life as a human–machine interactive system, though the system construction has become very complicated. Then, the recognition of the environment, including human, by multiple sensors is the key issue for reliable interaction among environment, human, and machine.
Summary and Outlook
Published in Ghenadii Korotcenkov, Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 2019
Smart and intelligent sensors are integrated sensors that utilize the transduction properties of one class of sensing materials and the electronic properties of silicon (Van der Horn and Huijsing 1998; Lin et al. 2015). These sensors are defined as sensors with small memory and standardized physical connection to enable the communication with processor and data network (sensor + interfacing circuit = smart sensor). Moreover, smart or intelligent sensors are capable of logic functions, two-way communication, and decision-making. This means that smart or intelligent sensors are sensors with additional functions. The intelligent sensor concept is based on adding the possibility of processing the sensor data and the flexibility to reconfigure embedded functions, as well as to aggregate external sensors’ data.
Metrological Assurance and Standardization of Advanced Tools and Technologies for nondestructive Testing and Condition Monitoring (NDT4.0)
Published in Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2020
Kirill V. Gogolinskiy, Vladimir A. Syasko
The smart sensor must have a digital output and transmit information on metrological serviceability through the interface. At the same time, having computing capabilities, an intelligent sensor allows to: automatic correction of the error resulted from influence quantities and/or aging of the components; self-healing in the event of a single defect in the sensor; self-learning.
Quality of service assessment routing protocols for performance in a smart building: A case study
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2022
Intelligent sensor nodes are low-power devices containing one or more sensors, a processor, memory, a power source, a radio (transmitter and receiver), and an actuator. Various types of sensors may be added to a sensor node, including mechanical, thermal, environmental, optical, magnetic sensors, and chemicals to be able to measure desired properties from the environment. Because of the constraints on sensor nodes memory resources, they are usually spread in hard-to-reach environments. They should also have a stable connection for wireless radio communication and transfer of information and data to the main station (Chanak and Banerjee 2020). As mentioned, batteries are also the primary sources of energy in sensor nodes. One practical solution is using renewable energy sources (RES) such as solar PV panels that may be added to the nodes based on the environment in which the sensor is located. Depending on the sort of application and sensors used, actuators may also be added to the sensors (Chen et al. 2020). Due to the growth and expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT), new systems are always created to connect to this network (Sokullu, Akkaş, and Demir 2020). Because IoT can manage peripherals through a variety of applications, thousands of people can use a myriad of devices to manage their works. It is predicted that improving the structure of WSNs could play an effective role in improving IoT in the future (Davis, Mason, and Anwar 2020; Minoli 2020). Routing is the first difference between the IoT and WSNs. Routing is not implemented in the Internet of Things, and since the sensors are connected to the Internet, they send data directly to the Internet. But in WSN, the nodes specify the traffic path to reach the sink node. Since WSNs are an example of ad-hoc networks, they inherit the features of this network; while in IoT, data is sent to the Internet through ad-hoc. In WSN, we need paths that send data from one midpoint to another. The most obvious difference between IoT and WSN is that IoT only uses sensors and in some cases even wireless sensors. These sensors are usually installed for a specific reason. The next issue in WSNs also is source (S) nodes, which should be designed and considered in an effective way (Cvitić et al. 2021; Isyanto, Arifin, and Suryanegara 2020).