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Security and Cryptography in Images and Video Using Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)
Published in S. Ramakrishnan, Cryptographic and Information Security, 2018
A video, on the other hand, can be defined as a collection of images that form a moving picture. Generally, a term frame rate is associated with videos and is defined as the number of frames captured per second (FPS). The frame rate is essential for generating the illusion of moving pictures. For human perception, the frame rate for movies is 24 FPS while certain movies like “The Hobbit” have 48 FPS [5] which makes the movie more real in appearance. Aspect ratio can be defined as the size of the video screen with respect to the size of the picture on that screen. Generally, it varies between 4:3 and 16:9.
Display for Medical Imaging and DICOM Grayscale Standard Display Function Fundamentals
Published in Paolo Russo, Handbook of X-ray Imaging, 2017
The temporal response describes the characteristics of the transition time of the output light. The gray-to-gray transition time is the rising or falling time required to change the luminance from one gray level to another. After reaching the target gray level, the luminance may either hold, like in a hold-type display technology such as LCD, or decay, like in a pulse-type display technology such as CRT. Frame rate describes how fast the image can be updated with respect to the input data. Refresh rate describes how often each pixel is re-scanned.
A rail detection algorithm for accurate recognition of train fuzzy video
Published in Cyber-Physical Systems, 2022
Bin Wang, Zhen Wang, Dou Zhao, Xuhai Wang
Most of the video saved by the on-board cameras installed on the current passenger and freight heavy-duty trains is of poor quality after compression. The frame rate is low at a certain resolution, and the picture is unclear and jittery. In order to preserve the key track information in the original RGB video frame to the maximum, and match with the dynamics of target tracks in the video, we adopt an adaptive linear weighted greyscale algorithm that can take into account the edge information of the RGB image frame. The best defined discrete space [26] is based on the N pixels of the RGB rail image of the currently processed frames which are selected as the projection base group, based on which the projection direction β is derived, and then the RGB-to-greyscale conversion of the video frame’s redundant features are performed. The greyscale carrier object after the initial pre-processing can be expressed by formula (1).
Adaptive spatio-temporal context learning for visual tracking
Published in The Imaging Science Journal, 2019
Yaqin Zhang, Liejun Wang, Jiwei Qin
Since the AFSTC algorithm is an improved algorithm based on the traditional STC [16], so in order to fairly compare the performance of the algorithm, in this paper, the parameter values of the AFSTC are the same as those of the original STC algorithm. In order to evaluate the performance of AFSTC algorithm, we use distance precision and frame rate as the evaluation criteria. The distance precision refers to the percentage of the number of frame in the total number of video frames, and for the frame, the Euclidean distance between the center location of the tracking target and ground truth is less than a threshold. Precision is the performance of robustness. The frame rate is the number of frames per second, it used to represent the real-time of the algorithm.
Markerless visual servo control of a servosphere for behavior observation of a variety of wandering animals
Published in Advanced Robotics, 2019
Yasushi Iwatani, Hiroto Ogawa, Hisashi Shidara, Midori Sakura, Takuya Sato, Masaru K. Hojo, Atsushi Honma, Kaori Tsurui-Sato
We here revisit the problem caused by spike errors. If a low pass filter is implemented so as to remove spike errors, then a time delay is produced as described before. If a time delay caused by a low pass filter is generated, then the displacements become larger, vibrations are excited or the system is out of control in the worst-case scenario. One possible solution to the problem is to install a combination of a low pass filter and a high-speed camera, since high-speed camera reduces a time delay caused by the frame rate of the camera.