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Introduction to Nuclear Instrumentation
Published in Douglas S. McGregor, J. Kenneth Shultis, Radiation Detection, 2020
Douglas S. McGregor, J. Kenneth Shultis
The container for instrumentation modules is referred to as a ‘crate’ or ‘CAMAC crate.’ The CAMAC bus allows data exchange between plug-in modules (up to 24 in a single crate) and a crate controller, which then interfaces to a PC or to a VME-CAMAC interface. The original standard was capable of one 24-bit data transfer every μs. Later a revision to the standard was released to support shorter cycles which allow a datum transfer every 450 ns. A follow-up on upwardly compatible standard Fast CAMAC allows the crate cycle time to be tuned to the capabilities of the modules in each slot. Typically, CAMAC components are significantly more costly than NIM components, and are best used when computer automation is necessary. Regardless of the standard, both NIM and CAMAC systems use basic components to operate and manipulate data from radiation detectors.
Material Handling Systems
Published in Susmita Bandyopadhyay, Production and Operations Analysis, 2019
Packaging of unit loads are done to protect the material from possible damage during shipment or transportation of material. The packages may be transported by trucks, cranes, and so on. Some of the practices for packaging types for unit loads include: Wooden boxShrink wrappingWooden crateCorrugated paper cartonsStretched wrapping
Oceanographic Stations—Preparation, Time, Position, Weather, Personnel, and Ancillary Data
Published in George A. Maul, The Oceanographer's Companion, 2017
If water samples are to be taken, the sample bottles need to be prepared, numbered, and entered onto the station log. A sample-bottle crate will help in keeping things organized and transported from the deck to the lab. Water samples may be drawn for calibration purposes or for laboratory analysis upon returning to port. If the samples need to be refrigerated or frozen, a samples-only refrigerator/freezer needs to be in the oceanographic lab. Storing samples in the galley “reefers” is never good scientific practice. Cores and bottom grabs may require special handling as may plankton net samples. Chemicals needed for sample preservation have to be ready in the wet lab before arriving on station.
Multi-objective multi-echelon distribution planning for perishable goods supply chain: a case study
Published in International Journal of Systems Science: Operations & Logistics, 2023
Samiha Mustabin Jaigirdar, Sudipta Das, Autoshe Ray Chowdhury, Sayem Ahmed, Ripon Kumar Chakrabortty
In this research work, plastic crates are considered as for shipping and storing products, as it is widely used in Bangladesh for transporting fruits. The size of the plastic crate is taken to be 540 × 355 × 290 mm. For guava, the crates can hold up to 20 kg and for lemon, it can hold up to 25 kg. Here a 9-tonner truck is used for transportation. This truck can contain nearly 8.4 metric tons of Guava using 420 plastic crates and nearly 8.75 metric tons of Lemon using 350 plastic crates.