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Material Handling Systems
Published in Susmita Bandyopadhyay, Production and Operations Analysis, 2019
Unit loads are in general, carried in pallets, skid, or containers. A pallet is a flat structure used for transportation purpose. Pallets can be general purpose pallets or special purpose pallets or extendable pallets. The various types of pallet containers include pallet bins, pallet boxes, and pallet crates. Special types of pallet containers include wood or wire constructions, or corner interlock construction. Household movement and storage are generally done by pallet containers. Pallets can be designed in one of the two ways—block design and stringer design. A general look of a pallet is shown in Figure 14.1. In block design, cylindrical post separates the top deck from the bottom deck and both parallel and perpendicular stringers are present that supports efficient material handling. In stringer design, wood components are present throughout the length of the pallet. The top deck is fastened to the top edge.
Introduction to Polymers
Published in Charles E. Carraher, Carraher's Polymer Chemistry, 2017
To get an idea of the pervasiveness of polymers in our everyday life, we can look at containers. Most containers are polymeric—glass, paper, and synthetic polymer. It is relatively easy to identify each of these general categories. Even within the synthetic polymer grouping, it has become relatively easy to identify the particular polymer used in some applications such as with disposable containers. Most of these synthetic polymers are identified by an “identification code” that is imprinted somewhere on the plastic container, generally on their bottom. The numbers and letters are described in Figure 1.1. The recycling code was developed by the Society of Plastics Industry for use with containers. Today, the “chasing-arrows” triangle is being used more widely for recycling by the public. A colorless somewhat hazy water container has a “2” within the “chasing” arrows and underneath it “HDPE,” both indicating the bottle is made of high-density polyethylene. The clear, less flexible soda bottle has a “1” and “PETE,” both signifying that the container is made of poly(ethylene terephthalate), a polyester. A brownish clear medicine container has a “5” and the letters “PP” on its bottom, conveying the information that the bottle is made of polypropylene (Picture 1.3). Thus, identification of some common items is easy.
Applied Chemistry and Physics
Published in Robert A. Burke, Applied Chemistry and Physics, 2020
Containers for hazardous materials are generally designed to meet specifications required by local, state or Federal laws and regulations. Design standards provide guidance to make sure that containers will hold the chemicals and pressures so the materials can be transported, stored and used safely. However, when an accident occurs involving these containers, these design features for safety may not work. For example, relief valves are designed to relieve increased pressure caused by an increase in ambient temperature. They are not designed to relieve pressure from flame impingement caused by an accident. Pressure containers may fail under fire conditions or changes in ambient temperature once a tank is damaged in an accident.
The Internet of Things for Logistics: Perspectives, Application Review, and Challenges
Published in IETE Technical Review, 2022
Hoa Tran-Dang, Nicolas Krommenacker, Patrick Charpentier, Dong-Seong Kim
In another vision, simple Links14 is developed as a smart tracking system for the business, which provides an integral item-tracking solution through digital links. Fundamentally, the digital links are referred to as the information relationship between the shipping items and their containers. For the consumer good logistics, the containers include shipment packages, pallets, shipping containers, trucks, and warehouses. In addition, the information which is captured and collected by low-cost identification such as RFID, QR code is constantly updated to the business management systems. In this way, all the historical data regarding the relationship between the items and their containers is tracked and traced at any time of requests. In particular, the management system of business adopts the data analysis mechanism to detect the faults and predict the future item states. The system that is demonstrated in the practical applications shows the positive impact in terms of ecological and economic benefits.
Reverse logistics of empty pesticide containers: solution or a problem?
Published in International Journal of Sustainable Engineering, 2021
Karina Braga Marsola, Andréa Leda Ramos de Oliveira, Monique Filassi, Arun A. Elias, Fernando Andrade Rodrigues
In EPCs logistics flow, industry produces, distributes and the producer begins the RL flow of containers after use. The farmer must first rinse the container properly, by either triple rinsing or pressure rinsing, then return the empty container to the location previously identified on the purchase receipt, which is called collection point, although, in practice, the producer returns it to any collection point, central collection or itinerant collection. If proper rinsing was performed, the container is considered non-hazardous waste and is sent to recycling along with the lids. However, if rinsing was not adequate EPCs are sent for incineration due to the possibility of toxic pesticide residue remaining in the container. The Campo Limpo System only considers two end of life options, recycling or incineration. The logistics and RL flow of EPCs is represented in Figure 1. Pesticide containers are made from different materials. The majority of containers in the CLS are manufactured using high-density polyethylene (HDPE), but they can also be made from co-extruded polyethylene (COEX) or polypropylene (PP) and steel or other metals. Metallic containers constitute less than 1% of the packages that return to the CLS. Empty pesticide plastic containers (EPPC) carry liquid products to be diluted in water and thus are washable, this type of container represents 99% of the packages used for pesticides (INPEV 2018).
Gravity and gravity-pump sewage systems including energy embodied in each system – case studies
Published in Urban Water Journal, 2021
A gravity-pump sewage system (as opposed to a gravity sewage system), also contains discharge pipelines and submersible pumps or pump houses with an initial separation of solids, which are assembled in containers (the so-called sewage pump houses). The containers are made of the following materials: polymer concrete, concrete, PE, polyester-glass laminate with the bottom layer made of polymer concrete, prestressed concrete (Kaźmierski 2012). Discharge pipelines are usually made of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC-U) and polyethylene high-density (PEHD). Pumps are constructed of gray iron, chromium cast iron, stainless steel or steel casting. The flow-type components of pumping stations with an initial separation of solids are made of austenitic steel, acid-resistant steel, stainless steel, PEHD or aluminum alloy.