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Vessel logistics and shipping operations management
Published in Dong-Ping Song, Container Logistics and Maritime Transport, 2021
The types of ocean shipping services may be classified according to the ship types. For example, bulk carriers carry unpackaged goods in large volumes. Tankers carry liquids in bulk. Container ships carry the cargo packed into standard shipping containers. General cargo ships carry a loose-packaged cargo of all types. Ro-ro vessels carry both road haulage and passenger vehicles. The differences between them reflect the different types of cargo or the different ways to carry cargo.
Design Data
Published in Fiona Cobb, Structural Engineer’s Pocket Book, 2020
Although the transport of components is not usually the final responsibility of the design engineer, it is important to consider the limitations of the available modes of transport early in the design process using Department for Transport (DfT) information. Specific cargo handlers should be consulted for comment on sea and air transport, but a typical shipping container is 2.4m wide, 2.4-2.9m high and can be 6m, 9m, 12m or 13.7m in length. Transportation of items which are likely to exceed 20m by 4m should be very carefully investigated. Private estates may have additional and more onerous limitations on deliveries and transportation. Typical road and rail limitations are listed below as the most common form of UK transport, but the relevant authorities should be contacted to confirm the requirements for specific projects.
Maritime Transportation and Ports
Published in Yeqiao Wang, Coastal and Marine Environments, 2020
Maritime transportation generally falls into five main categories: bulk, break-bulk, ro–ro, containers, and passenger. Bulk shipping refers to freight carried directly in the hold of a ship without packaging. Examples include grain, coal, liquid petroleum products, and chemicals. Purpose-built ships carry these products between ports equipped to handle loading and offloading of raw materials. Break-bulk consists of cargo that has been “unitized” onto pallets or in barrels. Examples of break-bulk cargo include fruit and lumber. Ro–ro stands for “roll on/roll off” and includes vehicles and other equipment that usually operates under its own propulsion and is transferred on and off of ships via large ramps. Container shipping, technically a form of break bulk, became a global standard in the 1960s. Today, the international standard shipping container measures 20, 40, 45, 48, or 53 feet long. Regardless of the container size, throughput and capacity is usually expressed in twenty- foot equivalent units (TEUs). Containers revolutionized shipping because goods could be loaded from a source into a container, moved intermodally (on rail, truck, and ship), and unloaded at their destination. Finally, passenger ships are used to move people. This category of ships includes ferries, cruise ships, fishing vessels, and other commercial craft that carry people for pleasure or simply as a means of transport.
Effects of using foldable containers in hinterland areas
Published in Transportation Letters, 2021
Minsu Kim, Sungwoo Kim, Ilkyeong Moon
With a tremendous increase in world trade in recent years, overseas container traffic also dramatically increased because shipping containers are among the most cost-effective and safe ways to trade. More than 80% of the world trade volume involves container shipping (Di Francesco, Lai, and Zuddas 2013). Therefore, research has been widely conducted for effective ocean shipping, and a recent review was offered by Wang and Meng (2017). However, container shipment has drawbacks created by imbalanced trades across regions (Theofanis and Boile 2009). For example, in areas where empty containers are in surplus, shipping companies suffer from the high costs of storing many empty containers, while companies in high demand areas need to pay rental or purchase prices to obtain empty containers. As a consequence, oversupply or undersupply of empty containers are among the main issues in the container shipping industry (Song and Dong 2015). For this reason, shipping companies and researchers have tried to set effective repositioning plans for moving empty containers, and thus, mitigate container supply problems.
Enhancing the sustainability of shipping container homes in a hot arid region: A case study of Aswan in Egypt
Published in Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 2019
Hanan Taleb, Mohamed Elsebaei, May El-Attar
Appreciably, there is a growing demand for shipping containers to be used as homes everywhere around the world, the advantages of which include their durability, toughness, affordability, flexibility, and eco-friendliness (Levinson, 2016). Elrayies (2017) noted that few studies have focused on the thermal performance of buildings constructed using refurbished SCs in hot and humid climates (Elrayies, 2017). Researchers believe that container homes can be designed like a standard home and should be seriously considered in today's market. For example, insulation materials, glazing, and other building components should be similar to a standard home but with different methods of application (Moore, Yildirim, and Baur, 2015). The container also has certain advantages. However, a study in Japan (Kuittinen & Takano, 2017) of the energy efficiency and life cycle carbon footprint of temporary homes concluded that the refurbishing materials emit a very high share of life cycle emissions because the period over which temporary homes are used is short. In contrast, other researchers still believe that using old freight containers could be seen as an environmental protection strategy and would involve the redesign of technical artefacts (Abrasheva, Senk, & Haubling, 2012). Designs and refurbishment could therefore be manipulated to achieve a certain level of energy efficiency and sustainability (Meier, 2017).
Comparative study of wind resistance of a 2D stack of featured ocean containers and a 3D forty feet unit
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2020
Hamed Majidian, Farhood Azarsina
In order to provide longitudinal reinforcement, the side walls, roof and front end are utilised with corrugated plates. Shipping containers are made from Cor-ten steel. Cor-ten steel name was shortened from ‘[cor] rosion resistance’ and ‘[ten] sile strength’. Their specific structure and materials allow them to resist an arduous life of frequent use traveling around the world without suffering major damages (ISO 1999; Container Home Plans 2018).