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Regulatory instruments and institutions for water pollution control
Published in Cecilia Tortajada, Yugal Joshi, Asit K. Biswas, The Singapore Water Story, 2013
Cecilia Tortajada, Yugal Joshi, Asit K. Biswas
Changing consumer habits, lifestyles, packaging requirements and the disposable nature of many consumer goods has led to steady increase in the volume of waste disposed of annually. Now, with the fully operational Semakau offshore landfill, Singapore has built for itself a breathing space for the next couple of decades.10 Though the management of solid and land waste disposal still remains a daily challenge, so far, the appropriate update of regulations and their efficient enforcement as well as the island’s excellent infrastructure have ensured that services are both efficient and effective. Despite the non-uniform increase in waste output, Singapore has been able to enlarge its waste recycling rate (see Table 3.1a and 3.1b).
Technologies and applications of Industry 4.0: insights from network analytics
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Bongsug (Kevin) Chae, David Olson
A post-hoc analysis identified the top 10 industries highly associated with the key technologies. Table 3 shows the complete results and some key findings are as follows: 3D Technology has the highest correlation with manufacturing and is strongly associated with printing, eyewear, green consumer goods, shoes and architecture.Advanced Materials are highly associated with textiles, manufacturing, chemical, machinery manufacturing, clean energy, consumer goods, and national security.Data Mining is popular with direct marketing, property development, lead generation, and price comparison.IoT is being used for smart building, wearables, lighting, and smart cities and security appear to be key issues in IoT-based services.Robotics is highly associated with STEM education, sensors, virtual reality, transportation, toys, warehousing, water, wind energy, and space travel.Quantified Self is popular with wellness, therapeutics, mobile health, sensors, and sports.
Overview of biological mechanisms of human carcinogens
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B, 2019
Nicholas Birkett, Mustafa Al-Zoughool, Michael Bird, Robert A. Baan, Jan Zielinski, Daniel Krewski
Ethylene oxide is an important raw material used in the manufacture of chemical derivatives that are the basis for major consumer goods in virtually all industrialized countries. More than half of the ethylene oxide produced worldwide is employed in the manufacture of mono-ethylene glycol. Other important derivatives of ethylene oxide include di-ethylene glycol, tri-ethylene glycol, poly(ethylene) glycols, ethylene glycol ethers, ethanol-amines, and ethoxylation products of fatty alcohols, fatty amines, alkyl phenols, cellulose and poly(propylene) glycol. Only a small proportion (0.05%) of the annual production of ethylene oxide is utilized directly in the gaseous form as a sterilizing agent, fumigant and insecticide. This agent is well known as a sterilant of drugs, hospital equipment, disposable and reusable medical items. Most human exposure is occupational, although some exposure occurs from air pollution and tobacco smoking.
Redistributed Manufacturing and the Impact of Big Data: A Consumer Goods Perspective
Published in Production Planning & Control, 2019
Mohamed Zaki, Babis Theodoulidis, Philip Shapira, Andy Neely, Matthias Friedrich Tepel
A sector that could be substantially affected by these transformations is consumer goods manufacturing. This includes companies involved in food production, packaged goods, clothing, beverages, automobiles and electronics. In addition to production-side developments, the sector is inherently influenced by shifts in consumer behaviour (Brennan, Kelly, and Martinez 2013). With annual revenues of approximately USD 3.2 trillion globally, the consumer goods sector depends greatly on mass manufacture through multinational corporations and globally dispersed supply chains (Brennan, Kelly, and Martinez 2013). This has created a void between the manufacturer and the consumer, limiting opportunities for personalization, the up-scaling of small enterprises and the development of user-driven products tuned to local markets (Brennan, Kelly, and Martinez 2013). Furthermore, within the consumer goods industry, around 80% of the materials used for the creation of consumer goods end up in landfills, incinerators or wastewater (Ellen MacArthur Foundation 2013).