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Joining Technologies
Published in Raghu Echempati, Primer on Automotive Lightweighting Technologies, 2021
In technical terms, clinching is defined as a single or multistep fabricating process with a common displacement of the materials to be joined combined with local incision or plastic deformation and followed by cold compression, so that a quasi form locking joint is produced by flattening or flow pressing [22]. Clinching opens new possibilities of joining lightweight sheet materials in the assembly field of lightweight structure manufacturing. The uninterrupted action of cold-forming produces the joint element at the clinched point directly out of the sheet material components. Lightweight sheet materials normally include low-density metals, such as aluminum, and nonmetals, such as plastics and various composites. Metal–metal combinations can be joined by conventional clinching, but some metal–nonmetal pairs can only be connected by hybrid clinching or modified clinching. Figure 6.16 shows a typical clinching machine.
Sustainability in Joining
Published in R. Ganesh Narayanan, Jay S. Gunasekera, Sustainable Material Forming and Joining, 2019
Clinching, on the other hand, is a method of joining different metal parts (mainly sheets) by a process of local deformation without use of any additional joining elements with the application of a punch and a die. Both SPR and clinching involve plastic deformation and locking of sheets for joint formation. Like SPR, clinching produces clean joint (no burrs, sparks, fumes) and can fasten pre-painted and coated materials without reworking, and eco-friendly. However, there are some restrictions for its application. It cannot be used for joining plastics, hard materials, and low ductile materials. The materials to be joined need to have high ductility (Martinsen et al., 2015). In steel grades, the joint strength (maximum force from tensile tests) is about 4–5 times lesser for clinched joints as compared with SPR joints (Kascak et al., 2012). Moreover, clinched joints fail early as compared with SPR joints showcasing a lower deformation capacity.
Adhesion Bonding Techniques
Published in Yoseph Bar-Cohen, Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures, 2018
Marcelo Costa, Ricardo Carbas, Eduardo Marques, Guilherme Viana, Lucas Filipe Martins da Silva
Bolted-bonded and riveted-bonded joints (Figure 11.10a) consist of using a standard single-lap bonded joint and reinforcing it with either bolts of rivets. Studies have shown (Kelly, 2005; Hoang-Ngoc and Paroissien, 2010; Sadowski et al., 2010) that if flexible adhesives are used, the static strength, fatigue strength, and failure mechanisms are always superior in the hybrid joints when compared with nonhybrid joints, but for brittle adhesives, no significant improvements in strength were found. Studies of weld-bonded joints (Figure 11.10b) have shown that the stresses of weld-bonded joints in the lap zones are distributed more uniformly than those of the spot-weld zones and that they have better mechanical properties and fatigue performance than those of spot-welded joints (Chang et al., 1999). Clinching, or press joining, is a mechanical fastening technique for point joining of sheet metal (Figure 11.10b), and it has been shown that clinch-bonded joints present energy absorption close to the sum of the simple bonded and fastened joints and a higher stiffness than bonded joints (da Silva et al., 2011a). Other hybrid joints include the use of interadherend fibers (Matsuzaki et al., 2008) for metal/composite joints that significantly increase the displacement to failure and ultimate static strength of the joints while also increasing the fatigue performance. Small welded spikes on metal adherends that are later fixed to co-cured composites have also been studied (Ucsnik et al., 2010), such that the composite is physically fixed to the spikes, with gains as big as 52% for the ultimate load and 30 times more energy absorption capacity while reducing the weight of the joint.
Fatigue behaviour of hybrid clinch-bonded and self-piercing rivet bonded joints
Published in The Journal of Adhesion, 2019
Clinching (C) is a method of joining sheets (mainly metals) by a process of local plastic deformation without use of any additional joining element. Two or more sheets are punched by a tool into a die: the strong plastic deformation produces a button shape-geometry leading to a mechanical interlock (Figure 1).