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Turning Operations and Machines
Published in Zainul Huda, Machining Processes and Machines, 2020
Strictly speaking, the term “automatic lathe” used in machining refers to mechanically automated lathes usually controlled by cams. They differ from electronic automation via numerical control; the latter are called computer numerically controlled (CNC) machines. Thus automatic lathes are automated lathes of non-CNC types. These machines use spindles, which enable a machinist to turn, bore, and cut the workpiece thereby allowing to perform several functions simultaneously. There are two main types of automatic lathe: (a) automatic screw lathes and (b) automatic chucking lathe. Automatic screw machines are small- to medium-sized cam-operated automatic lathes; these machines work on workpieces/stock-tubes that are roughly up to 80 mm (3.1 in.) in diameter and around 300 mm (12 in.) in length (see Figure 5.5). An automatic chucking lathe is capable of handling larger work, which due to its size is more often chucking work and less often bar work.
Automated Lathes
Published in Helmi Youssef, Hassan El-Hofy, Traditional Machining Technology, 2020
Each type of automatic lathe has an optimum range of lot size in which the cost per piece is minimal. Figure 8.2 shows that the physical and psychological effort exerted by the operator decreases with increasing degree of automation, and consequently, the lot size also increases. Greater psychological effort is required with a lower degree of automation, whereas physical effort predominates with a higher level of automation. A higher degree of automation realizes the following advantages: Increases the production capacity of the machine.Ensures stable quality of WPs.Necessitates a lower number of machines in the workshop, thus achieving higher output per unit shop floor area.Reduces the physical effort required from the operator and releases him from tediously repeated movements and from monotonous nervous and physical stresses.Avoids direct participation of the operator and therefore enables him to operate several automatic machines at the same time.
Performance analysis of tools with rake face textures produced using wire-EDM in turning AISI4340
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
Turning experiments are conducted using HMT semi-automatic lathe which has a maximum rotational speed of 3500 rpm and maximum spindle power of 16 KW. The machining parameters used throughout the study are: spindle speed – 770 rpm, feed – 0.205 mm/rev and depth of cut – 0.1 mm, based on recommended conditions from the tool manufacturer. Each machining pass is for a length of 100 mm. The tool holder is mounted on a Kistler 9257B multi-component dynamometer to measure the forces. Tool wear is measured using a Nikon MM-200 measuring microscope while work-piece surface roughness is measured using Taylor Hobson S-128 surface roughness tester at specific intervals. Flank wear is measured at three reference points along the cutting edge from the cutting edge to the farthest point of wear on the flank face. Similarly, three measurements are made for surface roughness along the machined surface. Chip adhesion area on the rake face is measured with the help of the measuring microscope and further image processing using ImageJ software to determine the adhesion area. Temperature of the cutting zone during machining is measured using FLIR thermal imaging camera T540 with a stated measurement accuracy of ±2°C and capturing 30 fps. The temperature of the cutting zone is measured by focusing the camera with the help of laser sighting aid.
Exploring buckling and post-buckling behavior of incompressible hyperelastic beams through innovative experimental and computational approaches
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
O. Azarniya, A. Forooghi, M. V. Bidhendi, A. Zangoei, S. Naskar
For the manufacture of a hyperelastic beam with a square cross-section, a metal mold is designed by means of SolidWorks software (Fig. 3a) and machined with an automatic lathe. Molds are made from MO40 steel, which is strong enough to withstand compressive forces and thermal stresses. Small pieces of rubber compound are embedded in the mold, making melting faster and preventing bubbles from forming. In the end, the rubber is pressed for 10 min with a hot press under 0.5 MPa, based on the results of the rheometer test. After curing the rubber compound, the hyperelastic beams are fabricated as Fig. 3b. Figure 4 illustrates the steps of making a rubber beam. The constructed beams have a length of 250 mm and a square cross-sectional area of 400 mm2.
Composite performance metric for product flow configuration selection of reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS)
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2021
Prince Pal Singh, Jatinder Madan, Harwinder Singh
Configuration A consists of two stages, namely S1 and S2. At stage S1, a radial drilling machine performs a through-hole, which is followed by stage S2, where a special purpose lathe machine performs taper turning and threading operation. In both the alternative configurations B-1 and B-8, a grinding machine is used to improve the surface finish of part 2, which is sand casted. After that, drilling operations are performed using a radial drill machine. Subsequently, a semi-automatic lathe performs turning, facing, threading, and boring operations on part 2. Figure 3 shows a schematic reconfiguration of the product flow configuration A to alternative configurations B-1 and B-8.