Ammoxidation

Ammoxidation

Ammoxidation is a chemical process that involves the reaction of ammonia and oxygen with a methyl group or methane to produce a nitrile. It is a heterogeneous process that can involve the allylic oxidation/ammoxidation of propylene using a specific material. The end product of ammoxidation is acrylonitrile, which can be polymerized to produce acrylic fibers. Ammoxidation has been used in industrial processes, including the ammoxidation of propylene, and can also be an intermediate step in the enzymatic fixation of nitrogen. The commercial adoption of ammoxidation has been driven by a reduction in price and an increase in supply.From: Handbook of Commercial Catalysts [2019], Exploring the potential role of heavy pnictogen elements in ligand design for new metal-ligand cooperative chemistry [2022], Chemical Processing Handbook [2019], Reactivity of titanium imidazolin-2-iminato complexes with 2,6-diisopropylaniline and 2-{(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-iminomethyl}pyrrole [2018], Advanced Polymeric Materials [2019]

Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons

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Published in James G. Speight, Handbook of Petrochemical Processes, 2019

James G. Speight

Ammoxidation refers to a reaction in which a methyl group with allyl hydrogens is converted to a nitrile group using ammonia and oxygen in the presence of a mixed oxide-based catalyst. A successful application of this reaction produces acrylonitrile from propylene: CH3CH=CH2+NH3+11/2O2→+CH2=CHCN+3H2O

Exploring the potential role of heavy pnictogen elements in ligand design for new metal-ligand cooperative chemistry

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Journal Information

Published in Journal of Coordination Chemistry, 2022

W. M. Hollingsworth, E. A. Hill

A notable example of molecular Bi catalysis is the Standard Oil of Ohio (SOHIO) process [145]. This heterogeneous process involves the allylic oxidation/ammoxidation of propylene using ammonia and a nMoO3/Bi2O3 material (Figure 19A). The Bi-O-Mo moiety is reported to be the active site of the catalyst, aiding in both H-atom abstraction and radical trapping mechanistic steps [146, 147]. The SOHIO process is valuable in industry and an excess of 7 billion kg of acrylonitrile is produced annually via this process [148]. Based on experimental evidence, Graselli found that Bi:Mo ratios of either 1:2 or 1:3 in the catalyst material gave a the best balance between Mo sites for substrate chemisorption and Bi sites for H-atom abstraction [149]. A key step in proposed cycle is shown to illustrate the involvement of the alkoxide group in C-H activation of the olefin substrate (Figure 19B).

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Chemicals from Olefin Hydrocarbons

Exploring the potential role of heavy pnictogen elements in ligand design for new metal-ligand cooperative chemistry