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Noninvasive Photonic Sensing of Glucose in Bloodstream
Published in Andrey V. Dunaev, Valery V. Tuchin, Biomedical Photonics for Diabetes Research, 2023
There are three main ways to diagnose diabetes: (1) fasting plasma glucose (FPG): the blood glucose concentration after fasting 8 hours is greater than 126 mg/dl. (2) Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): 2-hour test that monitors the subject’s glucose blood levels before and 2 hours after the subject drank a sweet liquid. Diabetes is diagnosed in this test as greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl. (3) Casual plasma glucose test: blood check at any time of the day in a case of severe diabetic symptoms. Diabetes is diagnosed in this test as greater than or equal to 200 mg/dl. There might be a big usefulness of our technique in the medical practice by providing the trend of the glucose concentration in their bloodstream via the change of the OPG together with machine learning techniques that can improve the sensitivity of the measurement.
Linear Approximation Applications
Published in James K. Peterson, Basic Analysis II, 2020
In diabetes there is too much sugar in the blood and the urine. This is a metabolic disease and if a person has it, they are not able to use up all the sugars, starches and various carbohydrates because they don’t have enough insulin. Diabetes can be diagnosed by a glucose tolerance test (GTT). If you are given this test, you do an overnight fast and then you are given a large dose of sugar in a form that appears in the bloodstream. This sugar is called glucose. Measurements are made over about five hours or so of the concentration of glucose in the blood. These measurements are then used in the diagnosis of diabetes. It has always been difficult to interpret these results as a means of diagnosing whether a person has diabetes or not. Hence, different physicians interpreting the same data can come up with a different diagnosis, which is a pretty unacceptable state of affairs!
Implications of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARY) with the intersection of organophosphate flame retardants and diet-induced obesity in adult mice
Published in Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A, 2022
Gwyndolin M. Vail, Sabrina N. Walley, Ali Yasrebi, Angela Maeng, Thomas J. Degroat, Kristie M. Conde, Troy A. Roepke
Control PPARγKO male mice exhibited a HFD-induced elevation of fasting glucose (Figure 6A). Male mice exposed to OPFRs, however, displayed equivalent LFD and HFD fasting glucose levels. This is explained by an OPFR-induced elevation of fasting glucose in male mice fed LFD (Figure 6A). Further, OPFR exposure also resulted in increased blood-glucose in mice fed HFD at two time points during the glucose tolerance test (Figure 6B). This correlated to OPFR-treated males displaying greater AUC in HFD-fed than LFD-fed mice (Figure 6C). This diet effect was not detected in control males; therefore, OPFRs may be diminishing the ability of PPARγKO males to respond to sudden changes in glucose homeostasis. In female mice, HFD elevated fasting glucose, irrespective of treatment (Figure 6D). There was no OPFR or diet effects on glucose tolerance.
Using Genetic Algorithm and ELM Neural Networks for Feature Extraction and Classification of Type 2-Diabetes Mellitus
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2019
Abir Alharbi, Munirah Alghahtani
The Saudi type 2-diabetes Dataset was obtained from King Khalid University Hospital. There are 110 (55%) cases in class (1) and 90 (45%) cases in class (0), Where (1) means a positive test for diabetes and (0) is a negative test for diabetes. Diabetes Attribute information is given below: Number of times pregnant.Glucose tolerance test Fasting Plasma Glucose (FBS).Glucose tolerance test at 1 hours (1H).Glucose tolerance test at 2 hours (2H).Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg).Hemoglobin A1C HBA1C.Body mass index (weight in kg/height in m).Age (years).Class variable (0 or 1).
Plasma irisin is increased following 12 weeks of Nordic walking and associates with glucose homoeostasis in overweight/obese men with impaired glucose regulation
Published in European Journal of Sport Science, 2019
Ayhan Korkmaz, Mika Venojärvi, Niko Wasenius, Sirpa Manderoos, Keith C. Deruisseau, Eva-Karin Gidlund, Olli J. Heinonen, Harri Lindholm, Sirkka Aunola, Johan G. Eriksson, Mustafa Atalay
At baseline, when considering all the subjects in the analysis (Table I), the plasma irisin level correlated positively with AIP (r = 0.244, P= 0.013) and MetS score (r = 0.195, P= 0.046). Additionally, irisin correlated negatively with adiponectin (r = −0.240, P= 0.014), and McAuley index (r = −0.259, P= 0.008). We observed a positive correlation between plasma irisin and insulin levels following a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (r = 0.214, P= 0.028), but not between plasma irisin and 2-h glucose or fasting insulin levels. No significant correlations between irisin and lipid profile parameters were detected. In contrast, triacylglycerol level was positively correlated with plasma irisin only in the control group (r = 0.375 and P= 0.027). Levels of MDA, which is an indicator of lipid peroxidation and a marker of oxidative stress, was positively correlated with irisin baseline level (r= 0.200, P= 0.050; Table I).