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Units and Significant Figures
Published in Patrick F. Dunn, Fundamentals of Sensors for Engineering and Science, 2019
For area and volume, the square, and the cube of the length dimension, respectively, are considered. The SI units of area and volume are m2 and m3. However, the liter (L), which equals 1 cubic decimeter or 1/1000 m3, often is used. One L of liquid is approximately 1.06 quarts or 0.26 gallons. A 350 cubic inch engine has a total cylinder displacement volume of approximately 5.7 L. Curiously, when the American tourist drinks an English pint of Guinness, he consumes 20 liquid UK ounces. A pint in his home country is 16 liquid ounces. In the United States, 1 liquid gallon (gal) = 4 liquid quarts (qt) = 8 liquid pints (pt) = 16 liquid cups (c). Further, 1 liquid cup (c) = 8 liquid ounces (oz) = 16 liquid tablespoons (Tbl) = 48 liquid teaspoons (tsp). The liquid (fluid) ounce is a unit of volume. The ounce when specified without the liquid prefix is a unit of mass, where 16 oz = 1 lbm.
Units and Significant Figures
Published in Patrick F. Dunn, Michael P. Davis, Measurement and Data Analysis for Engineering and Science, 2017
Patrick F. Dunn, Michael P. Davis
For area and volume, the square, and the cube of the length dimension, respectively, are considered. The SI units of area and volume are m2 and m3. However, the liter (L), which equals 1 cubic decimeter or 1/1000 m3, often is used. One L of liquid is approximately 1.06 quarts or 0.26 gallons. A 350 cubic inch engine has a total cylinder displacement volume of approximately 5.7 L. Curiously, when the American tourist drinks an English pint of Guinness, he consumes 20 liquid UK ounces. A pint in his home country is 16 liquid ounces. In the United States, 1 liquid gallon (gal) = 4 liquid quarts (qt) = 8 liquid pints (pt) = 16 liquid cups (c). Further, 1 liquid cup (c) = 8 liquid ounces (oz) = 16 liquid tablespoons (Tbl) = 48 liquid teaspoons (tsp). The liquid (fluid) ounce is a unit of volume. The ounce when specified without the liquid prefix is a unit of mass, where 16 oz = 1 lbm.
Physical Drinking Water Parameters
Published in Frank R. Spellman, The Drinking Water Handbook, 2017
Before we discuss the parameters shown in Figure 7.1 let’s talk about where many of the physical contaminants come from. Think about hiking in a high mountain meadow and later waking from the miles-deep sleep of earned exhaustion to the awareness of peace … inhaling deep draughts of cool, clean mountain air; breathing through nostrils tickled with the pungency of pure, sweet pine … eardrums soothed by the light tattoo of fresh rain pattering against taut nylon … watching darkness lifted, then suddenly replaced with cloud-filtered daylight … being spellbound by the sudden, ordinary miracle of a new morning … anticipating expected adventures and appreciating the pure, unadulterated treasure of pristine wilderness momentarily owned, with minds not weighed down by mundane, everyday existence.DID YOU KNOW?1 gallon = 4 quarts = 8 pints = 128 fluid ounces = 231 cubic inches
Fabric infused with a botanical repellent for protection against mosquitoes
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2019
Lilah Halbkat, Kun Luan, Grayson Cave, Marian McCord, Michael Roe, Emiel DenHartog, Nicholas J. Travanty, Charles S. Apperson, Andre J. West
The mosquito repellents evaluated in this study were chosen based on local convenience and availability. A total of nine commercially available mosquito repellents were chosen for evaluation in arm-in-cage assays (Figure 1). Table 1 gives ingredient information for each repellent. The application procedures on the label for the repellents instructed the user to ‘apply liberally’ for insect protection. Therefore, the application dose of each insect repellent was standardized to four pump sprays with a standard spray bottle and was equivalent to 0.25 fluid ounce or 29.6 ml. A white knitted jersey fabric composed of 80% Nylon 20% elastane was selected as the test fabric material. The procedure began by applying 29.6 ml of each repellent with a spray bottle to the absorbent pad inside the patented infuser bag (Figure 2). Following this step, each 16 × 16 cm fabric swatch was placed inside the infuser bag and finally placed into a typical household dryer, on the ‘low’ setting for 10 min. This specific procedure was repeated for each of the eight repellents.