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Alternative Designs and Inventions
Published in William H. Middendorf, Richard H. Engelmann, Design of Devices and Systems, 2017
William H. Middendorf, Richard H. Engelmann
The process now known as xerography was the brainchild of Chester Carlson [2]. Carlson’s first job, while still a boy, was with a printer. During the Great Depression years of the 1930’s, he graduated from college with a degree in physics. He then worked briefly as a research engineer at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New York City, then for a patent attorney, and after that for P. R. Mallory & Co., a manufacturer of electronic components. While he was employed by Mallory, he earned a law degree in an evening program, and eventually became manager of Mallory’s patent department. This was a fortuitous combination of experiences, because he learned that it was very difficult to get words into clear, hard copy and that there was a need for a convenient process to duplicate printed documents such as patents.
Color in Metals and Semiconductors
Published in Mary Anne White, Physical Properties of Materials, 2018
Semiconductors also are important in the photoelectric process that we know as photocopying. The photocopying process, or xerography (which means “dry copying,” literally from the Greek xeros graphy), relies on a few basic physical principles and a fair bit of ingenuity. The process was developed by Chester Carlson in the mid-1930s.
Impact of Management Systems on Business Performance
Published in Titus De Silva, Integrating Business Management Processes, 2020
In 1938, Chester Carlson, a patent attorney and part-time inventor, made the first version of a xerographic image in the United States. However, there was no market for it until the Battelle Memorial Institute in Columbia, Ohio, requested Carlson to refine the product, which he called “electrophotography”.
Influence of thermal annealing on optical and structural properties change in Bi-doped Ge30Se70 thin films
Published in Phase Transitions, 2018
Adyasha Aparimita, C. Sripan, R. Ganesan, S. Jena, Ramakanta Naik
Among the amorphous chalcogenides, selenium-based chalcogenides are most important because of the unique property of reversible transformation, which makes these glasses useful in the field of science and technology such as metal coatings, photo elements, solar technology, rectifiers, photocells, xerography, and switching and memories device [19,20]. However, selenium has certain limitations like small sensitivity, short lifetime and low thermal stability. To overcome these limitations, some definite additives like Pb, Bi, Te, Sb, In and Ga, etc., have been used [21–24] for achieving higher conductivity, sensitivity, crystallization temperature and hardness. The increased metallic property and larger polarizability of Bi bring a carrier type reversal from p- to n-type with the addition of a critical quantity of Bi in the amorphous Ge–Se system [25]. The impurity atoms were supposed to satisfy all their valence requirements when they enter the glassy network and therefore could not play the role of donors or acceptors [26].