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Pre-treatment, Concentration, and Enrichment of Precious Metals from Urban Mine Resources
Published in Sadia Ilyas, Hyunjung Kim, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava, Sustainable Urban Mining of Precious Metals, 2021
Hyunjung Kim, Sadia Ilyas, Rajiv Ranjan Srivastava
When the two materials are placed in contact and then separated, negatively charged electrons are transferred from the surface of one material to the surface of the other. Which material loses electrons and which gains them will depend on the nature of the two materials. The material that loses electrons becomes positively charged, while the material that gains electrons is negatively charged. This imbalance of electrons produces an electric field that can be measured and that can influence other objects at a distance. Electrostatic discharge is defined as the transfer of charge between bodies at different electrical potentials. When two materials contact and separate, the polarity and magnitude of the charge are indicated by the materials’ positions in the triboelectric series. The triboelectric simply lists materials according to their relative triboelectric charging characteristics. When two materials contact and separate, the one nearer the top of the series takes on a positive charge and the other a negative charge. Materials further apart on the table typically generate a higher charge than ones closer together (Knoll et al., 1988; Bendimerad et al., 2009; Miloudi et al., 2011; Inculet et al., 1994; Higashiyama et al., 1997).
Field Applications
Published in Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji, Electromagnetic Fields, 2020
Ahmad Shahid Khan, Saurabh Kumar Mukerji
An electric (including electrostatic) field is a force field that acts upon material bodies by virtue of their property of charge. It is analogous to a gravitational field, which is also a force field that acts upon material bodies by virtue of their property of mass. The electrostatic (or static electric) fields may result due to the presence of stationary (or quasi-stationary) point charges, cluster of discrete charges, line charge, surface charge, or volume charge distribution. This field exerts a force on other (moving or stationary) charges. Although this electrostatically induced force appears to be weak, the magnitude of this force in a hydrogen atom between an electron and a proton is nearly 36 times (Ref: https://en.wikipedia.org/.../Electrostatics) stronger than the gravitational force acting between them. This category of field dwells around electric field intensity, electric flux density, electric potential, etc. As long as the field remains electrostatic in nature, these quantities have no relation with those involved in other categories, viz. magnetostatic and electromagnetic fields.
Electrochemistry
Published in W. John Rankin, Chemical Thermodynamics, 2019
An electrical potential E (also called the electric field potential, potential difference or electrostatic potential) is the amount of work needed to move a unit of positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside an electrical field without producing an acceleration. The unit of electrical potential is the Volt V, defined as the difference in electrical potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of 1 ampere dissipates 1 watt of power between those points (1 V = 1 J C−1).
Automatic Generation Control Using an Improved Artificial Electric Field in Multi-Area Power System
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Ajitha Priyadarsini Sobhanam, Paulraj Melba Mary, Willjuice Iruthayarajan Mariasiluvairaj, Rajeev Davy Wilson
The coulombs second law of electrostatic force states that the force of attraction or repulsion among the respective unlike and the like charges is in inverse proportion with the squared distance among the center of the charge and in direct proportion with the product of the charges. Thus physics defined the AEF algorithm by employing the above-mentioned law and are summarized in the following section.