China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
Hardware for automation
Published in Benny Raphael, Construction and Building Automation, 2023
A voltmeter measures the electric potential (voltage) between two points in a circuit. An ammeter measures the current (in amperes or milliamperes). A multimeter is a common instrument used by electricians to measure current, voltage, resistance etc. (Figure 2.2). It has two leads pressed against two points in a circuit to measure the voltage or resistance between the points.
The Facility Survey
Published in Albert Thumann, Scott Dunning, Plant Engineers and Managers Guide to Energy Conservation, 2020
The ammeter supplies a direct measurement of electrical current, which is one of the parameters needed to calculate electrical energy. The second parameter required to calculate energy is voltage, which is measured by a voltmeter. Several types of electrical meters can read the voltage or current. A voltmeter measures the difference in electrical potential between two points in an electrical circuit.
Electrochemistry
Published in W. John Rankin, Chemical Thermodynamics, 2019
An electrical potential E (also called the electric field potential, potential difference or electrostatic potential) is the amount of work needed to move a unit of positive charge from a reference point to a specific point inside an electrical field without producing an acceleration. The unit of electrical potential is the Volt V, defined as the difference in electrical potential between two points of a conducting wire when an electric current of 1 ampere dissipates 1 watt of power between those points (1 V = 1 J C−1).
Computational analysis of conductive fluid flow with tangential components of magnetic flux density and electric field in metallic and non-metallic circular pipe
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2023
Anusha Vadde, Govind R Kadambi, Siddabasappa C
Where is density, is velocity vector, is pressure, is volumetric force, is dynamic viscosity of the fluid. The closed boundary conditions for fluid contained in circular pipe are defined as follows: Inlet as fully developed flow with average velocity, outlet as atmospheric pressure and, no-slip condition at the walls of circular pipe. To characterise the electric and magnetic fields inside the pipe, a system of partial differential equations is required. The set of Maxwell’s equations (from Eqs. (3) to (6)) is solved using the magnetic vector potential and scalar electric potential as dependent variables in the field interface. Magnetic and electric fields interfaces are used to compute magnetic field and current distributions. These variables help to analyze the interaction of fluid field with the dependent variables.
An electroelastic constitutive model for dielectric elastomers based on the Langevin statistic and its instability characteristics
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
We start from the permanent dipole model of polymer chain segment introduced by [9] with the permanent segment dipole moment denoted by m. Here, the applied electric field in the current configuration E has no influence to the polarity of the segment in any orientation. According to [25], the electric potential energy of each segment can be defined from its angle of orientation γ with respect to the applied electric field as shown in Figure 1. In the figure, represents the unit vector of the chain end-to-end vector r in the current or deformed configuration. For its counterpart, we will define as the unit vector of the chain end-to-end vector R in the reference configuration.
Analysis of the Ebola Outbreak in 2014 and 2018 in West Africa and Congo by Using Artificial Adaptive Systems
Published in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 2020
Massimo Buscema, Masoud Asadi-Zeydabadi, Weldon Lodwick, Alphonse Nde Nembot, Alvin Bronstein, Francis Newman
From a physical perspective, the TWCα calculates the interaction of sources with each other, similar to the interaction of masses or charges on each other. Now we want to find out the effect of the sources on the space. Each source of the outbreak would be an outbreak potential in the space. The potential (possibility) of outbreak in the near points to the source should be larger than the farther points. In the physics terminology, the source distribution would create a field in the space, similar to the gravitational field. The TWCβ algorithm is the foundation of the scalar field which is discussed later. This scalar field has a similar perspective as the electric potential due to an electric charge distribution. In the TWCβ algorithm, we include the distance of all points to themselves, . Since the effect of a source on the neighboring region should be the largest effect thus the weight corresponding to should be the largest weight.