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Input–Output Organisation
Published in Pranabananda Chakraborty, Computer Organisation and Architecture, 2020
USB 3.0, similar to its predecessor USB 2.0, offers significantly improved data transfer rates compared to all its ancestors. Even though it was announced in late 2008, consumer devices were not available to totally make use of their potentials until the beginning of 2010. The USB 3.0 interface specifies the transfer rates up to 5 Gbit/s (625 MB/s) or 596 Mbit/s, compared to USB 2.0’s 480 Mbit/s (60 MB/s). All USB 3.0 devices are downward compatible with USB 2.0 ports and support full-duplex operation. Computers with USB 3.0 ports are becoming very popular and common. The USB 3.0 port expansion cards are available to upgrade older systems, and many newer motherboards feature two or more USB 3.0 jacks. Even though the USB 3.0 interface allows extremely high data transfer speeds, as of 2011, many peripherals, including most USB 3.0 flash drives, have not been able to utilize the full speed of the USB 3.0 interface due to the limitations inherent in their memory controllers.
PLC cabling, data transmission, and networking
Published in Raymond F. Gardner, Introduction to Plant Automation and Controls, 2020
The Universal Serial Bus (USB) is the next generation of serial cables/connectors for transmission distances less than 15 feet (Figure 18.10). The cables can be “hot swapped” without powering down the system or causing computers to lock up; they are essentially “plug and play.” They are fast; USB 2.0 is capable of up to 480Mbps, which is over 20,000 times faster than RS232 communication and USB 3.0 is capable of 5Gbps. USB cables carry power as well as signals. A USB 2.0 can carry up to 2.5W at 500mA, USB 3.0 up to 4.5W at 900 mA, and USB 3.1 Generation 2 with a Type-C connector up to 5A and 20V for as much as 100W. USB uses USAP (Unison Serial Access Protocol) transfer protocol for moving data between computers and devices.
Design and development of T-Shaped antenna structure for wireless communication
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
The speed of data may reach up to 10Gbits/s and more in the mm-wave frequency band. Video transmissions need a tremendous data rate as well as a high bandwidth. To broadcast HD (high definition) video, the data rates should be in gigabits (gb/s) (1080p). If video methods are used before transmission, the data transfer speed might be reduced. Later, data transmission rates of several megabits per second (mb/s) will be possible. Millimeter-wave methods can achieve gigabit speeds, making tasks easier to complete. Enforcing a wireless version of USB 3.0 has sparked a sophisticated curiosity. It is evolving into a desired interface that works not just on computers and tablets but also on televisions and other consumer equipment. In a practical implementation, USB 3.0 specifies a maximum data rate of 5 gigabits per second around 80% of that data rate being used [16–20].
NomadicBTS: Evolving cellular communication networks with software-defined radio architecture and open-source technologies
Published in Cogent Engineering, 2018
Emmanuel Adetiba, Victor O. Matthews, Samuel N. John, Segun I. Popoola, Abdultaofeek Abayomi
The technical specifications of the device as related to this study are presented in Table 1. The device can stream up to 56 MHz of instantaneous data bandwidth over a high-speed USB 3.0 bus operating at 4.8 Gbps full duplex to the host PC. The RF/IF signal processing tasks on the device are carried out by the AD9364 Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), which is a direct conversion transceiver along with the Spartan 6 FGPA. The host PC shown in Figure 2 runs the SDR software back-end of the NomadicBTS architecture. It contains an Intel Core i5-3210M, 8.00 GB Random Access Memory (RAM), and operates at Central Processing Unit (CPU) speed of 2.50 GHz. This PC contains both the Microsoft Windows 8 and the open-source Ubuntu 16.04 LTS OSs. The USRP Hardware Driver (UHD) running on the Windows 8 OS was used in testing the adequacy of the USRP B200 device for this study while the Linux OS serves as the development and deployment platform.