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Building from Proof of Concept Design
Published in Bahram Nassersharif, Engineering Capstone Design, 2022
An example of mistake-proofing is the data cable connectors for computers and cell phones. The universal serial bus (USB) connectors type A was designed with a block tab to allow the connector to be inserted into a USB plug only in one orientation to assure the correct electrical connection for data and power. The USB A design is an example of a poka-yoke design. The user can only insert the USB plug only in one orientation. This would prevent failure if the user were allowed to insert the USB plug the wrong way incorrectly. A plastic block tab prevents the error. However, commonly, the user attempts to put the USB plug in one way, and 50% of the time, they cannot insert the USB plug because of the tab. They have to flip the USB plug and insert it the correct way. An improved design of the USB-A plug connector was introduced as USB-C. The electrical contacts are replicated on both sides in USB-C, so it does not matter if the user flips the connector. The new design is a poka-yoke design, and it improves on the previous USB-A design by eliminating the 50% user failure to insert the plug (Figures 9.9–9.12).
Optimisation of carbon emission reduction in a competitive market with varying saturation and eco-conscious consumers
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Baozhuang Niu, Nan Zhang, Fengfeng Xie, Hailun Zhang
In practice, a growing number of firms are capitalising on such opportunities by investing in reducing carbon emissions. For example, Apple has proposed a Clean Energy Program to reduce carbon emissions from manufacturing. Hitherto, Apple has completed the transition to clean and renewable energy in 26 countries, resulting in a reduction of 360,000 metric tons of carbon emissions (Donaghu and Reilly 2022). Anker, a global leader in mobile charging, has also made substantial strides in sustainable product design. Notably, the USB-C charging cable adorned with the ‘Anker Eco-Products’ logo is manufactured from plant-based materials that aim to minimise the use of petroleum-based plastics (Anker 2022). Similarly, Bose, a prominent Bluetooth headset manufacturer, has ensured that its European Distribution Centre operates entirely on renewable energy, whereby it reduced 243 tons of carbon emissions (Bose 2020).
Extensible, Extendable, Expandable, Extractable: The 4E Design Approach for Reconfigurable Displays
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Jean Vanderdonckt, Radu-Daniel Vatavu
To exemplify the 4E quality properties, we rely on a prototype of Le Slide (http://www/yourslide.com) Slide, a reconfigurable display prototype in the form of an overlay containing two identical display panels, acting as secondary and tertiary displays, respectively, that can be attached to the backside of any tablet, laptop, or PC screen representing the main or primary display; see Figure 3. In the remainder of this paper, we will refer to this prototype as the “E3Screen”. The two panels are attached to the primary display using two Aluminum hinges, and are connected and powered via USB 3.0/USB-C. Each panel slides laterally and can be rotated up to 180. Our specific implementation targeted a Sony laptop with a 15-inch screen diagonal, but the overlay can be engineered for any display size. The overlay is 0.7-inch (18 mm) thick and weighs 1.8 kg, and an optional stabilizing leg can be added to support the extra weight, if needed; see Figure 2. In our case, each display has 19201080 resolution, 60 Hz frequency, 5 ms response time, and luminosity of 350 cd/m. The power consumption of each panel is about 5 Wh, but the USB connection is sufficient to power up both displays. A driver was developed to extend the resolution of the primary device on the secondary and tertiary displays.