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Flight Deck Human Factors
Published in Steven J. Landry, Handbook of Human Factors in Air Transportation Systems, 2017
Michelle Yeh, Thomas R. Chidester, Thomas E. Nesthus
There are several touch screen technologies that vary in how they sense and respond to touch: resistive, capacitive, and infrared. A touch screen device may be developed from one or a combination of these technologies. Resistive touch screens are the most common of the three. It is composed of several layers of electrically conductive material. A “touch” applies pressure so that the layers come into contact with each other, and this action completes a circuit and is processed as input. The pressure required to produce a response varies from one resistive touch screen to another. A capacitive touch screen is coated with conductive material. A touch, usually skin contact, creates a change in capacitance, which is processed as input. Consequently, use of gloves or use of a stylus that is not specifically designed for the touch screen will not create a measurable change in capacitance. Finally, an infrared touch screen has infrared beams across the surface of the touch screen, and a touch is registered when the beams are disrupted (e.g., by a finger). In this case, touching the screen is not necessary, because the beams of light are slightly above the screen.
Graphene-Based Touchscreens
Published in Qiaoliang Bao, Hui Ying Hoh, Yupeng Zhang, Graphene Photonics, Optoelectronics, and Plasmonics, 2017
Shivananju Bannur Nanjunda, Qiaoliang Bao
Touchscreens are visual outputs that can detect the presence and location of a touch within the display area, permitting physical interaction with what is shown on the display itself [1]. Pointing at a thing, or touching it, is one of the most natural ways to select it (Fig. 10.1). Touchscreen is an electronic visual display device that the user can control through simple or multi-touch gestures by touching the screen with a special stylus/pen and or one or more fingers (Fig. 10.1). It is a means of capturing a human’s natural pointing instinct and using it as a mode of human–computer communication [1]. Touchscreens are easy to use and require no additional work space and no moving parts such as keyboard and mouse system.
A Review of Intrusion Detection and Prevention on Mobile Devices: The Last Decade
Published in Georgios Kambourakis, Asaf Shabtai, Constantinos Kolias, Dimitrios Damopoulos, Intrusion Detection and Prevention for Mobile Ecosystems, 2017
Weizhi Meng, Jianying Zhou, Lam-For Kwok
Behavioral-based detection. The current smartphones often feature a touchscreen as the input method. As compared with the traditional button-based input, touchscreen enables more actions such as multitouch and touch movement. For instance, multitouch is a new feature, where users can touch the screen with multiple fingers at the same time [58,59]. The new feature may result in novel threats such as smudge attacks [60], but also enable behavioral-based detection (e.g., multitouch-included authentication [61–67]). With more biometrics implemented on mobile devices, biometric authentication should be given more attention in the future.
Editorial: Ergonomics and Human Factors in Aviation
Published in Ergonomics, 2019
Neville A. Stanton, Wen-Chin Li, Don Harris
Touchscreens offer much greater flexibility than traditional hard mechanical controls and displays, as they can both display information as well as be the interface for control input. This dual use makes it possible to have layered displays and controls which has the potential to reduce the space requirements on the flight deck. Nevertheless, the flight deck is part of a moving platform and can be subject to turbulence in flight. Typically, turbulence is short-term, caused by natural phenomenon or other aircraft, resulting in frequent changes to the velocity of air through which the aircraft is travelling. Touchscreens can be more difficult to operate in turbulent conditions than traditional hard mechanical controls. Coutts, Plant, Smith, Bolton, Parnell, Arnold and Stanton (Future technology on the flight deck: assessing the use of touchscreens in vibration environments) sought to assess the effectiveness of touchscreens being operated in different levels of simulated turbulence (no- turbulence, light chop, light turbulence and moderate turbulence (experimental ethics prevented testing in heavy simulated turbulence due to potential harm that might come to participants)). Participants undertook four different tasks (multi-directional tapping, tracking, sliding and swiping) on touch screens in three different locations (side, centre and overhead). Generally, performance on the touchscreens was found to be equivalent to that reported on other input devices. The centre mounted screen had superior performance to all other positions, but the side screen was reported to be the most comfortable to use.
Avionic Touchscreen Interaction under Vibration: Supported versus Freehand Target Selection in Cockpit Conditions
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Adam Schachner, Philippe Doyon-Poulin
From a usability perspective, touchscreen advantages over other common input devices include faster selection times (Lin et al., 2010; MacKenzie, 2015; Thomas, 2018) and use of direct manipulation and gestures on a large, adaptable screen. This can be especially beneficial for tasks like map navigation and window management, as well as typing on soft keyboards, which offer space-saving advantages over physical keyboards.