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Learning Engineering is Engineering
Published in Jim Goodell, Janet Kolodner, Learning Engineering Toolkit, 2023
Avron Barr, Brandt Dargue, Jim Goodell, Brandt Redd
Physical and electronic systems are designed using filters and dampers to prevent over-correcting. For example, if the feedback to the controller in a car’s cruise control system were too precise it would continuously apply the brake and then the gas, the brake and then the gas. In signal processing, a filter is a device or process that removes some unwanted components or features from a signal. A damper may be used to reduce the amplitude of mechanical vibrations in a physical system, such as a soft pedal on a piano or the shock absorbers on a car.
Binaural reproduction and virtual auditory display
Published in Bosun Xie, Spatial Sound, 2023
HL and HR in Equation (11.1.1) depend on the target source position. An HRTF-based filter pair should also be continually updated to simulate a moving virtual source via the conventional scheme, but doing so may cause some audible (commutation) artifacts. If mere the HRTFs in discrete directions are known, the pre-interpolation scheme described in the previous section is required. With all these factors, designing the hardware and software for signal processing is difficult, especially in real-time processing. The analogy between the signal mixing of multichannel sound and spatial interpolation of HRTFs is applied to simplify the signal processing of binaural synthesis for multiple and moving virtual sources.
Research Methodology
Published in Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza, Computer-Aided Glaucoma Diagnosis System, 2020
Arwa Ahmed Gasm Elseid, Alnazier Osman Mohammed Hamza
MATLAB® is a high-level language used for visualization, numerical computation, and programming. It can be used in various applications, such as image and video processing, signal processing, control systems, bioinformatics, and communications. The simulation of the system proposed for glaucoma detection is done in MATLAB® R2016, http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/wxwise/class/aos340/spr00/whatismatlab.htm.
Monitoring of Induced Groundborne Vibrations in Cultural Heritage Buildings: Miscellaneous Errors and Aliasing through Integration and Filtering
Published in International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 2021
Georgios Karanikoloudis, Paulo B. Lourenço, Nuno Mendes, João B. Serra, Rubén Boroschek
Vibration signals are complex and can be mathematically represented with a real and an imaginary part, highlighting aspects of magnitude and phase response. The main objective when discussing the severity of induced vibration is set on capturing the magnitude of induced vibrations, in each vectorial component, i.e. in the N-S direction or x–x, the E-W direction or y-y and the Vertical direction or z-z. Here is noted that the N-S and the E-W directions follow the alignment of the transversal and longitudinal walls of the church, respectively (Figures 1c and 5). Basic signal processing operations, both in time and frequency domain, involve cleaning, filtering and further processing. A raw signal can contain many disturbances, trends and unwanted frequency contents that need to be treated, while at the same time, preserving the information of interest. Many times, due to secondary sources of induced noise or vibration, certain parts of a signal, when identified, are better to be cropped from the start. In the case where intermittent disturbances are eminent, distributed in the time domain, the only possible way to be removed, provided that they contain a distinct frequency bandwidth, is through digital filtering in the frequency domain.
The design and implementation of folded adaptive lattice filter structures in FPGA for ECG signals
Published in Automatika, 2023
Kalamani C., Kamatchi S., Sasikala S., Murali L.
In signal processing systems distortions of signal and noise are the main factor that limits performance. Practically, the method is working in a situation which has an uncertain input state where there are unexpected noises. Improvement in the system performance can be achieved by the removal of noise in the acquired signal, thereby increasing the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). Adaptive Noise Cancellation (ANC) is one of the main techniques which adjust their coefficient to diminish a fault signal. The fundamental benefit of this approach is that, unlike other signal processing methods, it is possible to obtain the degree of noise rejection with no priori predictions of signal or noise.
Signal processing techniques for filtering acoustic emission data in prestressed concrete
Published in Research in Nondestructive Evaluation, 2019
Marwa A Abdelrahman, Mohamed K ElBatanouny, John R Rose, Paul H Ziehl
Signal processing is usually used to develop a representation of the signal that makes certain characteristics more explicit. The Fourier transform and Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) are common tools to express a signal as a function of frequency. Wavelet analysis offers better resolution than the aforementioned techniques as it uses short time windows (high time resolution) at high frequencies and long time windows (low time resolution) at low frequencies[30]. This property makes it suitable for analyzing transient signals such as acoustic emission signals.