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Force-System Resultants and Equilibrium
Published in Richard C. Dorf, The Engineering Handbook, 2018
RF switches are control elements required in many wireless applications. They are used to control and direct signals under stimulus from externally applied voltages or currents. Phones and other wireless communications devices utilize switches for duplexing and switching between frequency bands and modes.
Research on frequency reconfigurable bowtie antenna loaded with triangular shaped fractal parasitic elements
Published in Electromagnetics, 2023
Xiaoqiao Deng, Yuanjiang Li, Xiaolong Li, Lin Bao, Yubo Tian
The goal of the frequency reconfigurable antenna is to make the antenna have multiple switchable operating frequencies, while there is no significant change in the radiation pattern and polarization mode at each operating frequency. The operating frequency of the frequency reconfigurable antenna can also be switched and adjusted between different operating frequencies according to the requirements of the system (Kamran Shereen, Khattak, and Witjaksono 2019; Li et al. 2017; Majid et al. 2014; Pazin and Leviatan 2013; Wang et al. 2021). If the bowtie antenna loaded by TSFPE can realize frequency reconfiguration through the loading of RF switch, its application can be greatly expanded. It attempts to load the RF switch onto the novel dual-band bowtie antenna proposed in document (Kumar Joshi and Ranganath Harish 2007). It is found in the research that the TSFPE performance is seriously deteriorated after loading the RF switch due to the discontinuous effect of RF switch loading. Therefore, a trapezoidal patch compensation loading scheme is proposed to ensure the performance of TSFPE.
Frequency-reconfigurable and high-gain metamaterial microstrip-radiating structure
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2019
Shobhit K. Patel, Karan H. Shah, Y. P. Kosta
In this section, we present reconfigurable antenna design which reconfigures frequency by changing the switch position on/off. We use PIN diode as RF switch to reconfigure antenna frequency. PIN diode works as a very good RF switch because of its intrinsic region which provides more charge storage in between the two junctions. Electrical equivalent circuit of pin diode and its High-frequency structure simulator (HFSS) model are presented in Figure 1 [38]. HFSS model of a switch is made by using lumped RLC boundaries in switch contacts as shown in Figure 1(a). Electrical equivalent circuit for switch off/on is presented in Figure 1(b). In switch on position, it work as a series combination of Rs and L. It starts conducting in this position. In switch off position, it works as a parallel combination of Rp and Cp. Capacitance blocks the current and no current flows in this position and it works as an open circuit.
Design and fabrication of multiband reconfigurable copper and liquid multiple complementary split-ring resonator based patch antenna
Published in Waves in Random and Complex Media, 2022
Truong Khang Nguyen, Shobhit K. Patel, Sunil Lavadiya, Juveriya Parmar, Cong Danh Bui
The presented architecture reflects frequency reconfigurability by switching the direction of the switch ON/OFF. For the RF switch, a PIN diode is required. Figure 4 depicts the equivalent electric circuit for the PIN diode and the HFSS model simulation. The PIN diode in the proposed design has been modeled as a lumped element at 50-Ohm as seen in Figure 4(a). The switch-ON state is expressed by the inductor (Ls), and resistor (Rs) in series, as seen in Figure 4(b), while the switch-OFF condition is modeled by R-L-C components and described by a parallel capacitor (Cp) and resistor (Rp) and then in series with an inductor (Ls), as seen in Figure 4(c).