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Multilevel Quantum Elephant Herd Algorithm for Automatic Clustering of Hyperspectral Images
Published in Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Mario Köppen, Elizabeth Behrman, Ivan Cruz-Aceves, Hybrid Quantum Metaheuristics, 2022
Siddhartha Bhattacharyya, Mario Köppen, Elizabeth Behrman, Ivan Cruz-Aceves
A qutrit is the three-valued quantum state. It has three basis states, viz., |0〉, |1〉 and |2〉. The superposition of a qutrit state can be expressed as follows: |ψ〉=q0|0〉+q1|1〉+q2|2〉
Future Computing Technology: Quantum Computing and its Growth
Published in Durgesh Kumar Mishra, Nilanjan Dey, Bharat Singh Deora, Amit Joshi, ICT for Competitive Strategies, 2020
Priyanka Soni, Bharat Singh Deora
NMR is a physical phenomenon which is used to create a qubit, by using the spin state of nuclei within the atom. In the other implementation of qubits, pure states of atoms are used whereas in NMR 1/2 spin of nuclei with Zeeman levels in a magnetic field is implemented. Two types of NMR are: ‘Liquid State NMR (LSNMR)’ and ‘Solid- State NMR (SSNMR)’ can be used, among which LSNMR is superseded By SSNMR. In NMR’s with the spin- 1/2 nuclei are more robust towards the noise and hence have the large coherence time, which is more preferable for gate operation [39]. A computational model of a quantum computer using NMR was proposed in 1997[40]. After it, practical implementation of Grover’s search algorithm [41], Shor’s factoring algorithm [42] and coherent control up to 7 qubits[43] have been successively realized. The new developed algorithm in NMR, takes the traditional NMR technique to the heights and that algorithm is ‘Gradient ascent pulse algorithm’ [44] and so on. NMR quantum computing techniques developed algorithms and current achievements are very well discussed by Xin T. et. al.[45]. To provide the online facility of quantum hardware based on NMR spectrometer, his researchers group developed a NMR Cloud Q, providing a comprehensive programming development environment for quantum computers. Further, various quantum computing protocols have been implemented and studied on 3 qubits, single qutrit and hybrid qubit-qudit NMR computers[46]
A Novel Design of a Multiplier Using Reversible Ternary Gates
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Mohammad Mehdi Panahi, Omid Hashemipour, Keivan Navi
Jan Lukasiewicz first demonstrated the ternary logic and then introduced multi-valued logic [26]. The ternary logic is an extension of binary logic. In ternary logic, the qutrit (quantum ternary digit) refers to the information unit, which can only have 0 or 1 or 2 values. Zadeh proposed the fuzzy set theory [27]. Logical rules are the same in both fuzzy logic and multi-valued logic. In the design of the reversible ternary logic circuit, in order to have a higher performance circuit, the reduction of garbage outputs, constant inputs and quantum cost has always been noticeable [20].
Fast preparation of entangled states of two qutrits in cavity or circuit QED
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2019
Creation of entanglement with high-dimensional quantum systems is an experimental challenge. In comparison of a qubit (a two-level system), a qutrit (three-level system) has a larger Hilbert space. Hence, a qutrit can be used to encode more information and to accomplish more quantum tasks. High-dimensional (HD) entanglement not only provides a new way for testing quantum nonlocality but also is a key resource for HD-based quantum information processing (QIP) and quantum communication.