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Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Studies of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole Derived Schiff Base Complexes
Published in Satish A. Dake, Ravindra S. Shinde, Suresh C. Ameta, A. K. Haghi, Green Chemistry and Sustainable Technology, 2020
Ajay M. Patil, Ravindra S. Shinde, B. R. Sharma, Sunil R. Mirgane
The Schiff base and their metal complexes assessed in vitro for their antibacterial activity against two Gram-Positive bacteria, viz., B. Subtilis; S. aureus, two fungal strains A. niger and F. Oxysporum by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method [28]. The fungal and bacterial strains sub-cultured on Potato Dextrose Agar and Nutrient Agar. The stock solution (1 mg mL–1) was prepared in DMSO solution. The stock solution again diluted by using sterilized water to dilution in 500 ppm. The bacteria were subculture in agar medium and disc were kept incubated for 37°C at 24 hrs. The standard antibacterial drug Miconazole and Ciprofloxacin was screen under the same condition for comparison. The activity was measure and calculated by a zone of inhibition (mm) surrounding discs. The experimental value compares with standard drug value Miconazole for the Antifungal activity and Ciprofloxacin for the antibacterial activity of ligand and Metal Complexes.
Industrial Production and Applications of Yeast and Yeast Products
Published in Devarajan Thangadurai, Jeyabalan Sangeetha, Industrial Biotechnology, 2017
Rebecca S. Thombre, Sonali Joshi
Yeast produce larger cell size as compared to bacteria and demonstrate typical spherical, oval, elliptical or elongate cells ranging from 5–10 µm in size. Nutritionally yeasts are typical chemoheterotrophic organisms. They obtain energy by oxidation of organic compounds. They utilize carbohydrate sugars like hexoses and pentoses (Barnett, 1975). Yeasts are aerobic organisms and some species are facultative anaerobes. The yeast cell wall is composed of phosphorylated mannan, mannan, β-glucan, chitin and mannoprotein. The pH optimum for cultivation of yeast is around 5–7.5; however some species may be able to survive at a broader pH range. Similarly, most yeast grows optimally at room temperature, however yeast can tolerate high temperatures (Bakers yeast) and also low temperature (Watson, 1976). The common medium used for cultivation of yeast are Saborauds medium, Potato dextrose agar, Glucose yeast extract agar and Malt agar. The role of yeast in fermentation was described by Louis Pasteur. Since then, yeasts have been well known for the role as starter cultures in fermentations. Yeast can metabolize hexose sugar (glucose) via the glycolytic sequence (Embden Mayerhoff pathway). Some yeast like Zymomonas sp. utilizes the Entner-Duodorhoff pathway for breakdown of glucose to pyruvate. The key enzyme that yeast utilize in alcoholic fermentation is alcohol dehydrogenase.
Bioremediation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent for Itaconic Acid Production by Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 Immobilized in PVA–Alginate–Sulfate Beads
Published in Zainura Zainon Noor, Noor Salehan Mohammad Sabli, Sustainable Water Treatment, 2017
Qistina Ahmad Kamal, Nor Azimah Mohd Zain
Aspergillus terreus NRRL 1960 was stored in potato dextrose broth at 4°C until further usage and subculturing the culture on potato dextrose agar is being done every month. The culture was subcultured on potato dextrose agar and incubated at 37°C for 5 days. The spore was then harvested and collected in 10 mL 1% (v/v) Tween 80. The solution was then centrifuged at 4°C, 4000 rpm for 15 min. The supernatant was then discarded and the pellet was resuspended with 10 mL of sterile distilled water and stored at 4°C until further use.
Synthesis, molecular modeling, and biomedical applications of oxovanadium(IV) complexes of Schiff bases as a good SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor
Published in Inorganic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, 2022
Mohammad Nasir Uddin, Zainul Abedin Siddique, Jabunnisa Akter, Md. Saifur Rahman, Wahhida Shumi, Munira Nasiruddin
Potato dextrose agar (PDA) consists of potato (200 g), dextrose (20 g), agar (15 g) in 1000 mL distilled water. Potato dextrose broth culture media was prepared and preserved according to the procedure stated in the literature.[33] Potato dextrose broth (without agar) culture medium was used for evaluating fungal growth against the test ligands and compounds. About 10 mL sterilized PDA medium was poured into each glass Petri plate (sterilized). After solidification of the medium, small portions of mycelium from each fungal isolate were placed carefully at the center of each PDA plate with the help of sterilized needles. After incubating for 5 days, the same amount of fungal mat was mixed with 50 mL of sterilized PDA liquid medium. The fungal mat was shaken well to mix with medium thoroughly. This fungal culture suspension was used as a stock culture throughout the experiments.
Synergistic effect of Fusarium lateritium LP7 and Trichoderma viride LP5 promotes ethoxylated oleyl-cetyl alcohol biodegradation
Published in Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A, 2020
Both fungi used in this study originated from wastewater of river basin of Lepenica (Kragujevac, Serbia). Samples were collected at the place of wastewater flood, (sewage), transported to the microbiology laboratory and refrigerated. Potato-dextrose-agar (PDA) was used for fungi isolation. PDA was composed of (g/L): potato, 200; dextrose, 20; agar, 15. The PDA medium prepared according to aforementioned procedure was sterilized by autoclaving at 121 °C for 15 min. After sterilization, 15 mL of medium was aseptically dispensed into sterile Petri dishes and allowed to solidify. Afterwards, Petri dishes were inoculated by cultures and incubated at (28 ± 2)°C for 5 to 7 days. Isolated fungi were identified by examining both microscopic and macroscopic characters. Fusarium lateritium LP7 and Trichoderma viride LP5 were identified by Systematic keys at the Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Serbia. The cultures were maintained at 4 °C in nutrient agar. The fungi were sub-cultured periodically in aseptic conditions.
The Effects of PTFE Thickness on the Tribological Behavior of Thick PDA/PTFE Coatings
Published in Tribology Transactions, 2020
Sujan K. Ghosh, Charles Miller, Dipankar Choudhury, Josue A. Goss, Min Zou
Mirror-finished 0.762-mm-thick 316 SS sheets cut into 1.25-in.-diameter round samples were used as the substrate. The average roughness Ra of the SS substrate, measured over a 5,000-µm2 area using an optical microscope, was 26 ± 2 nm. The SS substrates were first cleaned for 10 min using deionized (DI) water and then soaked in an acetone bath for 15 min. After acetone cleaning, the SS samples were further cleaned in isopropanol alcohol for 10 min in an ultrasonic bath and then rinsed with DI water. The SS substrates were finally dried by blowing nitrogen gas. The PDA underlayer deposition for the PDA/PTFE coating was achieved by a rocking shaker method (Jiang, et al. (24)). Briefly, the SS samples were submerged in a container placed on a rocking shaker at 60 °C and 25 Hz rocking frequency. The container has 700 mL of water solution with 0.848 g of Trizma base and 1.4 g of dopamine hydrochloride. The pH of the solution was maintained at ∼8.5 for the entire duration of the PDA deposition process. After 45 min, the substrates were removed from the rocking shaker and washed in DI water before drying them using nitrogen gas. The substrates were then coated with PTFE using a standard spin-coating process at a speed of 600 rpm for 30 s. As-received DISP 30 PTFE dispersion containing 60 wt% of PTFE particles was used to coat eight sets of samples with eight different thicknesses by varying the number of PTFE spin-coating deposition cycles. After each PTFE spin-coating cycle, the samples were heat treated at 120 °C for 3 min to remove the water and then at 270 °C for 4 min to remove the surfactant from the aqueous dispersion. The coatings were then annealed at 372 °C for 4 min to sinter the PTFE particles. Eight sets of PTFE control samples with the same PTFE spin-coating deposition cycles on SS were also fabricated.