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Optical Design and Aberrations
Published in Daniel Malacara-Hernández, Brian J. Thompson, Fundamentals and Basic Optical Instruments, 2017
Armando Gómez-Vieyra, Daniel Malacara-Hernández
The optical design, as part of the optical engineering, is a process of selecting optical elements and putting them into a special order to the development of any simple or complex optical system that satisfies a customer's request. Much of the success of a good design depends on the skills, knowledge and experience of the designer. Optical design is the combination of art, science, a hard job and experience. It is a very serious mistake to think that design programs can create an optical system from its optimization subroutines. To perform an appropriate design, a solid base is needed in geometric optics and physical optics, to understand in depth the theory of aberrations and especially the experience acquired over time through the trials and errors. It is very common for beginner designers to omit the appearance that all design should be built, so it is always necessary to know the technical limitations of the real model construction, proper defining physical parameters, and tolerances required. It is understandable and highly recommended to request technical opinion on the optics manufacture before assuming that the job is finished.
Other Polymeric Applications in Photovoltaic Modules
Published in Michelle Poliskie, Solar Module Packaging, 2016
Fresnel lenses are the most common geometry designed for CPV concentrators [16]. A Fresnel lens is composed of a number of Fresnel zones visualized as a series of prisms with different steps in thickness cut around the lens circumference. The expected concentration factors in the assembly are typically modeled using ray tracing, specifically the edge-ray principle [17]. The edge-ray principle solely considers the trajectory of edge rays from the source through the lens and to the target. This modeling is available in a number of optical design programs, such as ZEMAX®. The concentration factor typically ranges from 5 to 500× depending on if the lens is planar or circular. A planar Fresnel lens utilizes one-axis tracking, and a circular requires dual-axes tracking.
Optical Systems for Laser Scanners
Published in Gerald F. Marshall, Glenn E. Stutz, Handbook of Optical and Laser Scanning, 2018
The ultimate performance of any unconstrained optical design is almost always limited by a specific aberration that is an intrinsic characteristic of the design form. Familiarity with the aberrations and lens forms is still an important ingredient in a successful design optimization. Understanding of the aberrations helps designers to recognize lenses that are incapable of further optimization, and gives guidance in what direction to push a lens that has strayed from the optimal configuration. Table 2.2 summarizes the dependence of third- and selected fifth-order aberrations on aperture (F/#) and field (θ).
Design of a passive optical athermalization of dual-band IR seeker for precision-guided systems
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2021
In this study, the optical design of a seeker, operating in two bands of infrared (MWIR-LWIR), is performed. A four refractive component optics design has been developed to cover both MWIR and LWIR, by using Zemax OpticStudio. The design of the IR imaging seeker is completed for an operation within the wavelength range of 3–10 μm. The temperature dependence of the optical design is also examined by using four different lens barrel materials, for the large temperature interval ranging from −40°C to +80°C. The defocusing effect caused by using different materials is fixed by the passive-optical-athermalization technique. The field of view of the optical system is found to be 16°. MTF value of each field is higher than 0.50 when the spatial frequency takes a value of 20.8 lp/mm. The results are analyzed and discussed in terms of spot diagram, modulation transfer function (MTF).
Optical performance enhancement in a solar parabolic trough collector with optimized secondary optics
Published in Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2021
Ashokkumar Shyam, Selvarasan Iniyan, Ranko Goic
The Ray-tracing techniques is an important tool for analysis the optical performance of the PTC. The edge ray principle (Winston et al. 2005) is used for sizing of absorber tube, which ensures the reflection of rays from the primary mirror intercepting the absorber completely. The capture of rays on the absorber can be calculated effectively by using edge ray principle, but the solar flux distribution over the surface of absorber tube cannot be predicted by this method. So, ray tracing is the one of the best options for finding the flux distribution on the absorber. In this research work, Tonatiuh ray tracing algorithm is used to model the optical design (Jafrancesco et al. 2018). The optical performance of the PTC studied by the Tonatiuh tool works on the basis of Monte-Carlo ray tracing method.
A plasmonic lens based on coordinate transformation
Published in Journal of Modern Optics, 2020
Qiongchan Gu, Yafei Li, Chunhai Hu, Jiangtao Lv, Yu Ying, Xiaoxiao Jiang, Guangyuan Si
Here, we propose an electromagnetic device based on coordinate transformation principles: a metamaterial superlens. Undoubtedly, transformation optics has provided a new method to design optical devices with elegant features. Extensive useful optical devices have been elaborately designed by considering the coordinate transformation principles via different approaches. In addition, more practical applications have been experimentally demonstrated for various specific applications. Such devices possess many unique optical properties and they are crucial for developing applications in beam-steering, spatial light modulating, nanoscale-resolution imaging and biochemical sensing. Moreover, these devices are highly geometric dependent since surface plasmon resonance is mainly determined by structural parameters. Therefore, dynamic control of an optical device with a predesigned function can be readily achieved. Many novel functional devices have been demonstrated using transformation optics and they are intractable or even unrealizable using conventional optical design methods. We propose a device which can modulate electromagnetic waves in a different way compared with traditional lenses. The following part will introduce the designing method and working principles of the device in detail. Then, calculation results are discussed and further compared with the function of traditional lenses, proving that transformation optics can provide a more convenient way to regulate the propagation of electromagnetic waves.