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Operational Planning of Electrical Power Systems and Smart Grids
Published in B K Bala, Energy Systems Modeling and Policy Analysis, 2022
A central host computer server or servers, sometimes called a SCADA center, master station or MTU, is a collection of computers, peripheral, and appropriate input and output (I/O) systems that enable the operators to monitor the state of the power system (or a process) and control it, and is one of the five components of a SCADA system. In a small system, it refers to a single computer responsible for communicating with field equipment. In a large system, a master station consists of multiple servers, distributed software applications and disaster recovery sites. Apart from field equipment like RTUs/PLCs, master station servers and software communicate with HMI software running in the workstation of the control room or other place, as well as with RTUs by reading and writing operations during scheduled scanning. In addition, they also perform control, alarming, networking with other nodes, etc. An MTU is equivalent to a master unit in a master/slave architecture. It presents data to the operator through the HMI, collects data from the distant site, and transmits control signals to the remote site.
SCADA fundamentals
Published in Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald, Power System SCADA and Smart Grids, 2017
Mini S. Thomas, John D. McDonald
The SCADA master stations range from small control rooms in a substation to large transmission SCADA master stations manning the power flow of a whole country. The master station is a collection of computers, servers, peripherals, and I/O systems that help the operator to monitor the state of the field and initiate control actions at the appropriate moment.
Precise Clock Management Technology of Electric Power Meter
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2021
Shangmin Qi, Yongchao Wang, Wei Zhang, Ning Li, Shenghui Guo, Darong Huang
The acquisition system is a multi-layer master-slave model, and the nodes of each layer are the clock reference source of the equipment of the next layer. The collection master station uses the GPS clock as the reference source to ensure the accuracy of the clock; the concentrator is synchronized by the collection master station, and the GPRS is the communication link, the clock deviation mainly comes from the GPRS communication delay; the energy meter is synchronized by the concentrator. The clock deviation mainly comes from the communication delay between the concentrator-routing-collection module-meter. The clock deviation will lead to inaccurate timestamps of various event recording data of the energy meter, inconsistent freezing time of the energy meter, failure of remote charge control command operation and other related problems [16].
SCADA Research Lab Kit for Educational Institutes
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2019
Lagineni Mahendra, Rajesh Kalluri, R.K. Senthil Kumar, B.S. Bindhumadhava, G.L. Ganga Prasad
In SCADA systems, MTU collects data from remote station RTUs using various communication media and communication protocols. Received data will be used for processing, archiving, and presenting. Control command will be initiated from MTU after analysing the data. Failures of MTU cause a failure of the whole control system. Lab kit can be used to develop a “Fault Tolerance Data Acquisition System” to achieve a reliable data acquisition and communication between the master station and remote terminal unit of SCADA using standard communication protocol Modbus serial / Modbus TCP / IEC 6087-5-101/104 irrespective of any failure in the system. For high availability of MTU, need of exploring redundant MTU with cold standby, warm standby, hot standby, dual active (both active-active) configurations to achieve fault-tolerant data acquisition [27]. Similarly to achieve a fully fault tolerant SCADA system it required to explore needful redundancy in all levels like process level, power supply, RTU communication cards, communication network, communication process, data acquisition servers, data processing server, database servers, presentation servers.