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Magnetic, ESR, and NMR Properties
Published in Jean-Pierre Farges, Organic Conductors, 2022
Several techniques are used to measure the magnetic susceptibility: namely, the Faraday balance, which is the most precise and easy to use over a large temperature range; the SQUID, magnetometer particularly good for very small samples; and other less precise methods. In all these methods one measures the total susceptibility ϰT = χD + χS + χVV + χL. χD can be calculated from the Pascal constants, and in the context of organic conductors, the important temperature-dependent term is χS the other terms being negligible, with a few exceptions.
Cryogenic Cooling Strategies
Published in Raja Sekhar Dondapati, High-Temperature Superconducting Devices for Energy Applications, 2020
Sudheer Thadela, Raja Sekhar Dondapati
For selection of materials for magnetic environment, magnetic susceptibility is one of the factors that play an important role. In the presence of high magnetic fields, the forces induced could be significant, owing to the choice of materials. The magnetic susceptibility of stainless steel is reasonably high when exposed to thermal cycles and thus cannot be neglected during the design stage. Table 2.4 shows the materials used in a low-temperature environment.
Magnetic Separation
Published in S. Komar Kawatra, Advanced Coal Preparation and Beyond, 2020
The important parameter in a magnetic separation is the magnetic susceptibility of the particles. The magnetic susceptibility is a measure of the degree of magnetization that is produced in a material by an applied magnetic field, and it is expressed either per unit volume (X, emu/cm3) or per unit mass (K, emu/g) (Carmichael, 1989). In general usage, a particle is considered to be “magnetic” when it has a large, positive value for the magnetic susceptibility.
Electronic structure and magnetic properties of the quaternary perovskites LnMn3V4O12 (Ln = La, Nd and Gd)
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2020
Samreen Gul, Zahid Ali, Shahid Mehmood, Iftikhar Ahmad
Magnetic susceptibility differentiates magnetic materials through the response of a material in external magnetic field. It has a small and negative value (χ = −10−5) for diamagnetic materials, for paramagnetic materials the magnetic susceptibility is weak and has value (10−3–10−5) and has parallel temporary alignment in the direction of magnetic field. Ferromagnetic materials have larger magnetic susceptibility (100–10,000) values and Curie temperature (TC) is their transition temperature. These materials are sensitive to the field and the alignments of its dipole’s are in the direction of applied field while for anti-ferromagnetic materials, the magnetic susceptibility has zero response. Neel temperature (TN) is the transition temperature at which anti-ferromagnetic phase transforms to paramagnetic phase.
Interpreting geology from geophysics in poly-deformed and mineralised terranes; the Otago Schist and the Hyde-Macraes Shear Zone
Published in New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2019
Casey C. Blundell, Robin Armit, Laurent Ailleres, Steven Micklethwaite, Adam Martin, Peter Betts
Two forms of magnetisation are possible; induced and remanent magnetisation (also known as remanence). Induced magnetisation is proportional to the magnetic susceptibility of the material being magnetised by a ratio that depends on magnetic permeability (μ), a factor which describes how easily a magnetic field can exist within a material (Dentith and Mudge 2014). Induced magnetisation may have the same orientation as the Earth’s magnetic field. Magnetic susceptibility describes the degree of magnetisation of a material in response to an applied external magnetic field. The higher a material’s magnetic susceptibility (and/or a stronger external magnetic field), the stronger the magnetism induced in the material. Remanent magnetisation is carried by ferromagnetic minerals (magnetite, monoclinic pyrrhotite), may have any orientation and be several orders of magnitude larger than the induced magnetisation. Further, the amplitude and shape of a magnetic anomaly may be stongly influenced by remanent magnetisation, and remanence can be affected by metamorphism and deformation (Airo 2015). The ratio of remanent to induced magnetisation (Konigsberger ratio) can be used to predict the contribution of induced and remanent sources to the anomaly, and consequently be used to predict magnetic mineralogy (Airo 2015). Typical magnetic susceptibilities for lithologies in the study area are shown in Figure 3.
Theoretical study of the non-parabolicity and size effects on the diamagnetic susceptibility of donor impurity in Si, HgS and GaAs cylindrical quantum dot and quantum disk: applied magnetic field influence is considered
Published in Philosophical Magazine, 2023
Ibrahim Maouhoubi, Sanae Janati Edrissi, Redouane En-nadir, Izeddine Zorkani, Abdallah Ouazzani Tayebi Hassani, Anouar Jorio
Thus, Magnetic susceptibility is a dimensionless proportionality constant that designates the degree of magnetisation of a material in response to an applied magnetic field. The expression of the diamagnetic susceptibility () is given as below [37]: where c is the speed of light in a vacuum and is the mean square distance of the electron from the nucleus. This later is given by the following analytical expression: