China
Africa
Explore chapters and articles related to this topic
IoT for Underground Communication Networks: A Review
Published in Indu Bala, Kiran Ahuja, Harnessing the Internet of Things (IoT) for a Hyper-Connected Smart World, 2023
The design consists of digital sensor DS18B20 which collects information about the soil moisture content. DS18B20 is a digital temperature sensor, produced by the United States Company Dallas. This microprocessor consumes low power, small in size, has high performance and has strong ability for anti-interference and can match easily [34]. 16-bit MSP430 is used by microcontroller, which is very economical, has a high level of integration and is used in low power applications. Wireless chip nRF905 is also used in this architecture to collect and transmit complete information in WUSN. Architecture of the Sink node is same as that of WUSN node. Here, only sink node is above the ground, rest all the nodes are underground. All underground nodes communicate with the sink node by transmitting information to the ground sink node, which covers the network better [35].
Power Management in Sensor Node
Published in Vidushi Sharma, Anuradha Pughat, Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks, 2017
Anuradha Pughat, Vidushi Sharma
The microcontroller unit of a sensor node connects to the sensors/actuators, transceiver, serial port, LEDs, and the coprocessors. It helps in sensing, collecting, and processing useful information from neighboring nodes. It provides control to communication and signal processing algorithms/protocols. All these above-mentioned tasks and protocols require huge power from the sensor node. An energy-efficient microcontroller commands the radio unit for a desired event only and saves a large amount of power consumption during communicating the nodes. Depending on the workload for any application, OS schedules the system activities and on/off of the sensor node components to achieve low power consumption. The most popular sensor nodes use the microcontrollers such as TI MSP430, Atmel ATmega128L, Atmel ARM920T, Intel PXA271 Xscale, Cortex®M3, Intel StrongARM SA-1100, Atmel ATmega1281, and many more. A detailed power analysis of Rockwell's Wins Nodes and Medusa II Nodes has been performed (Raghunathan et al. 2002). The SA1100 processor of a µAMPS node can operate on dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) (Klaiber 2000). It can control power consumption by adjusting the operating voltage and frequency at different power levels. The MSP430 microcontroller consumes approximately 2 mA and 760 pJ energy/instruction at a frequency of 8 MHz and a voltage of 3 V while few µA in a sleep state. Today, some of the PM-based sensor nodes use two processors: one for high workload and another for low workload processing and communication.
Topology-Triggering of Multi-Agent Systems
Published in Domagoj Tolić, Sandra Hirche, Networked Control Systems with Intermittent Feedback, 2017
Each eZ430-RF2500 $ {\text{eZ}}430 - {\text{RF}}2500 $ node (Figure 6.6) is a very low-power wireless platform built around an MSP430 microcontroller and CC2500 transceiver [174]. The ultra low-power MSP430 is a 16-bit microcontroller with 5 low-power operating modes. It is equipped with a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) and internal very-low-power low-frequency oscillator (VLO) used in low-power operating modes. Besides the internal clock source, MSP430 also supports external crystal oscillators. Information about power consumption and oscillator characteristics are shown in Table 6.1. More information about typical drifts for commercial clock sources and procedures regarding how to suppress them can be found in [163].
Enhanced Power Output from the PV with Low Input Ripple DC-DC Converter
Published in Electric Power Components and Systems, 2018
Chandrasekar Venkatesan, Chakkarapani Manickam, Maddikara Jaya Bharata Reddy, Saravana Ilango Ganesan, Nagamani Chilakapati
The designed and developed prototype of the interleaved boost converter is shown in Figure 7. The values of the inductance and outputs capacitance used are 350 mH and 100 μF, respectively. No input capacitance is used. The proposed method is validated by connecting the PV output to the input of the converter and the converter output to a constant voltage DC bus at 60 V. The test P−V and I−V curves are programmed using Agilent E4360 Solar Array Simulator (SAS). The converter output is loaded using Agilent N3300A Electronic load. The converter firing pulse is generated using the MSP430 (G2553) microcontroller. The switching frequency of the IBC is set to 20 kHz.
Battery draining attacks against edge computing nodes in IoT networks
Published in Cyber-Physical Systems, 2020
Ryan Smith, Daniel Palin, Philokypros P. Ioulianou, Vassilios G. Vassilakis, Siamak F. Shahandashti
In order to run experiments, we configured Cooja and ContikiOS as described in [30]. Moreover, Powertrace was setup and added to our project. This module is provided by ContikiOS and is able to track all packets and their transmission and receive rates. Also, the Zolertia Z1 mote was used as hardware platform which uses the MSP430 microcontroller and the CC2420 radio transceiver. Table 3 presents the current consumption of each of Z1’s components. A voltage of 3V for all the components has been used as it is the voltage supplied by two AA batteries and it is recommended by Z1 datasheet [33]. Each of these batteries have a capacity ranging from 450 mAh to 2640 mAh depending on drain rate [34].
A Review on Evolution of Symmetric Key Block Ciphers and Their Applications
Published in IETE Journal of Education, 2020
Several light-weight block ciphers [14,15,33,34,36,37,65] viz., Chaskey, Fantomas, HIGHT, LBlock, LEA, LED, Piccolo, PRESENT, PRIDE, PRINCE, RC5, RECTANGLE, RoadRunneR, Robin, Simon, SPARX, Speck, and TWINE can be efficiently implemented in microcontroller platforms such as 8-bit AVR, 16-bit MSP430, and 32-bit ARM (Figure 5).