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Biosensor Development: A Way to Achieve a Milestone for Cancer Detection
Published in Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava, Recent Advances in Cancer Diagnostics and Therapy, 2022
Anjana Pandey, Saumya Srivastava
Calorimetric Biosensors are comparatively less common in cancer diagnostics, but nanotechnology-based modifications have widened the range of their applications. These systems detect heat changes to monitor biochemical interaction, providing information about the substrate concentration indirectly (Bohunicky and Mousa, 2011). Medley et al. (2008) prepared a calorimetric biosensor based on aptamer-linked gold nanoparticles that differentiated among acute leukemia cells and Burkitt’s lymphoma cells. Their work established the viability of developing calorimetric platforms with aptamer-based recognition elements for discrimination of normal and cancer cells. Lab-on-chip technology assimilates several steps of diverse analytical events, with a large variety of applications, lower utilization of reagents and samples, and increased portability (Gambari et al., 2003).
MEMS Devices and Thin Film-Based Sensor Applications
Published in Suman Lata Tripathi, Parvej Ahmad Alvi, Umashankar Subramaniam, Electrical and Electronic Devices, Circuits and Materials, 2021
Ashish Tiwary, Shasanka Sekhar Rout
Lab-on-chip is a kind of biochip which gathers useful information during the reaction occurred among DNA, and biochemical reagents on testing surface like glass and plastic plates. It is clear that the term ‘lab-on-chip’ is to place the entire process of a laboratory onto a single chip-lab-on-chip, which has been developed for many applications and is now used for medical diagnosis of SARS, leukaemia, breast cancer, dipolar disorder, and several infectious diseases. With the help of MEMS, these devices now work with less power loss and can be integrated with other electronics devices, and can enhance the performance and reliability of these products while decreasing the size and the cost related to these devices. From the above given data, it can be concluded that MEMS technology has changed various markets and also transforming them currently like the automotive market, IT peripherals, telecommunication, medical, electronics, industry process control, and household.
In Situ Sensors for Monitoring the Marine Environment
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
Graham A. Mills, Gary R. Fones, Silke Kröger
Recent developments in microfabrication, microfluidics, and integrated optics in many areas of analytical chemistry are being applied in the development of in situ monitoring devices. Lab-on-a-chip technologies have advantages of a small size and limited reagent and power requirements. The challenge is to ensure that these systems can attain the sensitivity needed for many marine applications where analytes are present at only trace concentrations. However, as the overall cost of the sensing system is reduced, this would potentially enable the deployment of larger numbers of devices and thereby improve the spatial and temporal resolution and extent of offshore monitoring activities.
Sequentially automated extraction of nucleic acids with magnetophoresis in microfluidic chips
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
M. Kashif Siddique, Ruizhi Lee, Songjing Li, Lin Sun
Microfluidic chips, also known as” lab-on-a-chip” technology, manipulate small volumes of fluids on the microscale, typically on the order of micrometers or nanoliters.[1–4] These microfluidic chips have broad applications, including medical diagnostics, biochemical analysis, and drug discovery.[5–7] Microfluidic chips offer a significant advantage owing to their diminutive size, facilitating the creation of compact and portable devices that are seamlessly incorporated into diverse systems.[8] Additionally, the small fluid volumes in these chips enable precise control over fluid flow and mixing, improving accuracy and sensitivity in measurements using automated delivery in microfluidic devices.[9]
A review of microfluidic concepts and applications for atmospheric aerosol science
Published in Aerosol Science and Technology, 2018
Andrew R. Metcalf, Shweta Narayan, Cari S. Dutcher
Microfluidics is a large research field encompassing a number of wide-ranging disciplines, such as engineering, biology, medicine, and environmental monitoring. With miniaturization of fluid channels comes a number of key advantages available to these disciplines. The photolithography techniques used to fabricate microfluidic devices allow rapid prototyping at relatively low cost, which means that new applications for these devices can be easily explored. Short length scales (see SEM images of microchannels in Figure 1) offer practical advantages, such as smaller device footprints, making well-controlled thermal environments easier to obtain. Small devices also lead to significantly reduced volumes of sample and reagents necessary to conduct analyses, leading to lower costs and expanding the number of sample collection techniques which may be employed. More advanced fabrication techniques produce multi-layered devices that include pumps, valves, and mixing chambers on a single device (Unger et al. 2000) and temperature measurement and control alongside or embedded in fluid flow channels (Lee et al. 2017). For a more complete overview, in the online supplemental information (SI), Table S1 has a comprehensive list of microfluidic applications and review articles, SI Section 1 contains a brief history of microfluidic advances since the 1970's, and SI Section 2 has more details on fabrication techniques and materials used in microfluidics. In general, these all-in-one microfluidic devices can include sample injection, movement, mixing, reaction, separation, and detection and are appropriately called a “lab-on-a-chip” (Stone et al. 2004; Whitesides 2006).
Optimization of photochemical machining process for fabrication of microchannels with obstacles
Published in Materials and Manufacturing Processes, 2021
Sandeep Sitaram Wangikar, Promod Kumar Patowari, Rahul Dev Misra, Ranjitsinha R. Gidde, Shrikrushna B. Bhosale, Avinash K. Parkhe
The micro-fluidics has been evolved as a key technology in the areas like bio-engineering and analytical chemistry, etc. The devices with a small chip, which has capacity to perform all laboratory functions, is widely recognized as LOC (Lab-on-a-chip). A microchannel is an important and decisive component in LOC system. The microchannels are employed for mixing of reagents, delivery of reactant, fluidic control, physical particle separation, and cooling of computer chips.[1] The microchannels when used for mixing generally termed as micromixers. The micro mixers are of two types – passive and active. The active micromixers utilize external energy source for mixing enhancement while in passive micromixers, various geometric forms and fluid physiognomies are efficiently employed (No external energy source).[2] The flow in the microchannels is laminar and hence the mixing depends upon diffusion only. Hence, use of obstacles in the microchannels have significantly improved the mixing characteristics of microchannels.[3] The obstacles are nothing but the micro-projections provided along the length of the microchannel. The obstacles may be of various shapes viz. triangular, rectangular, square, circular, J shape, etc.[4–6] The materials used for microchannels for different applications are metals (copper and copper alloys, stainless steel, etc.), polymers [Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)], glass, ceramics, etc. The most favorite material for microchannel intended for mixing application is PDMS as it is optically clear, inexpensive, robust, flexible which allows integration with other micro-devices.[7]