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3D-Printed Microfluidic Device with Integrated Biosensors for Biomedical Applications
Published in Raju Khan, Chetna Dhand, S. K. Sanghi, Shabi Thankaraj Salammal, A. B. P. Mishra, Advanced Microfluidics-Based Point-of-Care Diagnostics, 2022
Priyanka Prabhakar, Raj Kumar Sen, Neeraj Dwivedi, Raju Khan, Pratima R. Solanki, Satanand Mishra, Avanish Kumar Srivastava, Chetna Dhand
Microfluidics is the science and technology which is used for the manipulation of a small amount of fluid (10−9 to 10−18 L) in channels with a dimension of 10 to 100 μm. The two prominent characteristics of microfluidics are the small size and less obvious characteristics of fluids in microchannels, such as laminar flow. It provides radically new capabilities in regulating molecular concentration in space and time (Bragheri et al. 2016, Slapar and Poberaj 2008, Tarn et al. 2014).
Microfluidics-Based Metallic Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications
Published in Tuhin S. Santra, Microfluidics and Bio-MEMS, 2020
Kavitha Illath, Ashwin Kumar Narasimahan, Moeto Nagai, Syrpailyne Wankhar, Tuhin S. Santra
Over the decade, microfluidics has evolved and been used widely in biomedical applications, such as sensing, drug delivery, disease diagnostics, imaging, and therapeutics. For instance, plasmonic properties of gold and silver; magnetic properties of iron; fluorescent properties of metal clusters for sensing; and therapeutic properties of materials like graphene, cobalt, nickel, platinum, and copper are used. It is becoming easier to develop chips to fabricate monodispersed nanoparticles with better-engineered surface functional groups. This combination has helped scientists to enhance the investigations by improving the detection limits in relevant fields. Microfluidic devices utilize a wide range of NPs to improve labs on chips (LOCs). In this context, some metal NPs are synthesized using microfluidic devices for different biomedical purposes.
Droplet Microfluidics
Published in George K. Knopf, Amarjeet S. Bassi, Smart Biosensor Technology, 2018
Droplet-based microfluidics relies on the production of droplets with controlled volumes at a large range of frequencies. The most commonly used passive droplet generators include T-junction [24], co-flowing [33], flow focusing [34] and step emulsification [35], as shown in Figure 19.1. Immiscible aqueous solutions and oil streams are injected into microchannels via syringe or pressure pumps with droplets being generated under the competition of three major forces: pressure drop, shear force and interfacial tension.
Sequentially automated extraction of nucleic acids with magnetophoresis in microfluidic chips
Published in Instrumentation Science & Technology, 2023
M. Kashif Siddique, Ruizhi Lee, Songjing Li, Lin Sun
One of the most common applications of microfluidic chips is in medical diagnostics.[10] The microfluidic chips can be used to perform various tests, such as blood glucose or nucleic acid extraction with a minimal volume of fluid samples.[11] In modern medicine, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based genetic tests have widespread use in diagnosing both viral and bacterial infections.[12,13] These tests must possess sensitivity and speed to ensure prompt and accurate identification of the responsible pathogen.[14] However, traditional PCR techniques necessitate numerous stages, including nucleic acid extraction, amplification, and identification, and consequently, the results take time to obtain.[15] Additionally, skilled laboratory personnel is mandatory, and specialized facilities for conducting measurements are typically restricted to large medical centers.[16] If rapid and automated PCR testing can be made available, it may be utilized for point-of-care diagnostic testing for infectious diseases, and even in outpatient clinics.[12]
Investigation on Flow Through Staggered Micro Pin Fin Arrays with Variable Longitudinal Spacings Using Micro-PIV
Published in Nanoscale and Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, 2022
Mingming Lv, Zhigang Liu, Wentao Chi, Chao Ma, Lian Duan
The schematic of the micro pin fin array is shown in Figure 1. The circular micro pin fins are distributed in the microchannel in a staggered arrangement. Three circular micro pin fin arrays with different longitudinal spacings (SL = 2D, 3D and 4D) were used in this study. Table 1 lists the dimensions of the three circular micro pin fin arrays. They are made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), which is a widely used material in microfluidics research because of some unique advantages, such as high light transmission, excellent fabrication property, and low cost. The micro pin fin test section consists of two plates, upper PDMS plate and lower glass plate. It is carved out in the PDMS plate by soft lithography method. First, the micro pin fin arrays were designed using CAD software, and the silicon wafer mold with the designed network was fabricated by photolithography. Then, the 3D micro pin fin array was formed in a PDMS substrate by replica molding of the above mold. Finally, the PDMS substrate bonded with a glass coverslip to form the test section with micro pin fin arrays. In this study, the flow field in the middle region marked with gray color in Figure 1 was investigated.
A review on wireless sensors fabricated using the low temperature co-fired ceramic (LTCC) technology
Published in Australian Journal of Mechanical Engineering, 2021
Microfluidics is a science and technology that uses small size channels to manipulate small amounts of liquid. (Whitesides et al. 2006) The microfluidic system has the advantages of small sample volume, low energy consumption, fast response time, and easy handling, making the microfluidic system an important tool in the frontier fields of chemistry, biological, medical, pharmacy and environmental analyses. The main application that promotes the development of microfluidic technology is POCT (point-of-care-test), which is defined as a diagnostic test at or near the patient care site. Various liquid sensing is one of the important challenges faced by the POCT microfluidic system. However, most reported microfluidic sensors use electrochemical or optical methods to monitor liquid changes, which are usually accompanied by uncontrollable chemical reactions, fluorescent labels, and expensive specialised equipment.