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The Battle for Cloud Supremacy and the Remaking of Enterprise Security
Published in Mohiuddin Ahmed, Nour Moustafa, Abu Barkat, Paul Haskell-Dowland, Next-Generation Enterprise Security and Governance, 2022
Matthew Ryan, Frank den Hartog
The crux of this problem is that, despite the designers’ best intentions, in legacy (non-cloud native) controls there is generally a lack of interlock functionality in the security system. An interlock is defined as a mechanism that makes the state of two mechanisms or functions mutually dependent. This lack could be reflective of the design of the control itself, and/or that the control is being deployed with numerous other controls that were potentially designed by different vendors, and implemented at different stages of the product lifecycle. This does not mean that controls designed by different vendors cannot be used together, but the practitioner must acknowledge that as the number of controls and layers increases, the level of complexity increases across the enterprise's security environment. As the level of complexity increases, it is unlikely that each control will continue operating at its optimum level whilst working in unison as a system. As Schneier (1999) postulates “as systems get more complex, security will get worse” [37]. Therefore, as enterprises develop and implement more controls and bespoke configurations, their ability to operate in unison becomes more challenging, and the risk of a control being misconfigured increases sharply.
Electrical Safety
Published in Frank R. Spellman, Kathern Welsh, Safe Work Practices for Wastewater Treatment Plants, 2018
Frank R. Spellman, Kathern Welsh
Circuit breakers are actually a form of switch designed to open when current passing through them exceeds a designed limit. Circuit breakers are designed to limit current flow in two different ways. One type is designed to open when the temperature of the breaker reaches a predetermined level. A common problem with this type of breaker is that the temperature of the environment around it can affect its operation. The second type is magnetic and opens when a predetermined current level is reached. The advantage of this type of breaker is that environmental conditions have little impact on its operation. In addition to overcurrent devices, certain switching devices can reduce or eliminate electrical hazards. These include interlocks, lockouts, and thermal or overspeed switches. Interlocks are switches that prevent access to an energized or dangerous location.
Laser and LED systems for industrial metrology and spectroscopy for industrial uses
Published in P. Dakin John, G. W. Brown Robert, Handbook of Optoelectronics, 2017
Safety interlocks are a vital system component in many industrial areas. For example, it may be that a door, hatch, valve, or even multiple doors/hatches/valves must be closed before a process can be safely started or a system be worked on for maintenance. A wide variety of electromechanical switches exists for such purposes, but electrical switches are notoriously unreliable, failing in both short-circuit and open-circuit mode. This can occur if contaminated with dirt, corrosive chemicals, or even flooded with water. Optical beam-breaking switches, provided the light is modulated in a defined manner, can only fail in “dark” mode, so fail-safe systems can be designed more easily. It can be arranged that a potentially dangerous operation can only be started or continued when light passes through the optically operated switch. This can be, for example, through a physical hole, which is only open when a door or hatch is fully closed, or vice versa, if the alternative safety condition is desired. In many cases, a set of such optical switches can be cascaded, such that it is only in “safe” mode when light is transmitted through the entire system. A further advantage of using light is that it can be arranged for a portion of the light to be available for direct visual inspection by the eyes of an operator, if a “belt and braces” extra level of safety is desired. Using optical fibers to guide light through the arrangement clearly increases the ease of achieving cascaded optical beam-blocking switches and, if desired, guidance of a portion of the light for direct visual verification.
Prediction of deformation behavior of interlock knitted fabrics in different directions using FEM method
Published in The Journal of The Textile Institute, 2018
Mohammad Javad Abghary, Hossein Hasani, Reza Jafari Nedoushan
The finite element method, as a computational mechanical analysis tool, requires the precise geometrical representation of the bodies constituting the complex microstructure of the textile fabrics. Thus, the success of the use of the method depends directly to the accuracy of the geometrical model of the fabrics. In previous paper (Abghary, Hasani, & Jafari Nedoushan, 2016), a novel three-dimensional geometrical model for 1 × 1 rib-knitted fabrics was presented. Acceptable accuracy and conformity of the proposed model was numerically proved. Using this model, a geometrical model has been newly developed for conventionally interlock knitted fabric. Numerical modeling the deformation of the interlock knitted fabrics in different directions has not been reported in any literature. Accordingly, deformation properties of this structure were numerically simulated in course, wale, and bias directions. This can help to estimate the mechanical properties of interlock knitted fabrics in different directions. Computer-aided design was used to create the three-dimensional representation of interlock structure. Then, the output was fed to finite element software for analysis and prediction of the fabric deformation properties.
Design and Test of the Interlock Protection System for Extraction Power Supply of Negative Ion Source at ASIPP
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2019
M. C. Huang, C. D. Hu, C. C. Jiang, Y. Z. Zhao, Y. H. Xie, J. L. Wei, S. Y. Chen, Q. L. Cui, J. J. Pan, Y. L. Xie
When EGPS breakdown occurs, fault detection circuit boards will acquire a breakdown signal and send a galvanic isolated protection signal to an interlock protection circuit board. Then, the interlock protection circuit board will switch off all the SPS modules immediately. The measured current and voltage of the EGPS are transmitted by optical fibers, using voltage-to-frequency (V/F) and frequency-to-voltage (F/V) converters. Optic isolation transmission has the advantage of galvanic isolation and obtains optimal noise immunity. The voltage, current, and status signals of the EGPS are transmitted through optical fibers, sampled by data acquisition cards, and displayed in the human-machine interface.
Tools for Image Analysis and First Wall Protection at W7-X
Published in Fusion Science and Technology, 2020
Fabio Pisano, Barbara Cannas, Alessandra Fanni, Giuliana Sias, Marcin W. Jakubowski, Peter Drewelow, Holger Niemann, Aleix Puig Sitjes, Yu Gao, Victor Moncada, Glen Wurden
During OP2, ten endoscopes with IR and video cameras will be used to monitor the ten divertors.3 A real-time system is under development at the W7-X for the acquisition and analysis of the thermographic data coming from the endoscopes. The data will be acquired and analyzed by means of computer vision techniques implemented on a Graphics Processing Unit, which should be able to send an alarm to the interlock system in case of dangerous events and stop the operation. The acquired data will be sent to the control room for visualization and control purposes, and the detected thermal events will be stored in a thermal events database.4