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General Framework
Published in Spiro N. Pollalis, Planning Sustainable Cities, 2016
Information infrastructure supports the flow and processing of information. It consists of different subsystems that people and organizations use to produce, collect, filter, process, and distribute data. It can be characterized as a “next-generation public infrastructure” supporting human operations, decision making, and action. In recent decades, the availability of solid and high-capacity Information infrastructure has emerged as a cornerstone for growth and high-quality services. This book uses a twofold definition of information as infrastructure: first, it is approached as infrastructure per se, including telecommunication and internet services, and second, as a support system of all other infrastructure systems, to interconnect and assist them in achieving high performance. As such, Information infrastructure is flexible and inherently synergistic.
Managing the waste of over processing in healthcare using accountability through utilization reviews and information technologies
Published in Quality Management Journal, 2022
John Wallace Gardner, Sarah Childs
The Baldrige criteria for performance excellence in healthcare establish measurement, analysis, and knowledge management as the “system foundation” for effective management of healthcare (Baldrige Performance Excellence Program 2019, 1). Historically, Baldrige frameworks identified this category as “information and analysis,” a key factor for improving specific aspects of healthcare performance (Meyer and Collier 2001). The underlying information infrastructure can provide a foundation for gathering, measuring, and analyzing data. Tens of billions of U.S. tax dollars were invested in HIT since the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 was based on the view that such systems could lead to improvements in the effectiveness and efficiency of care through better review and healthcare decisions.
Internet-of-Gamification: A Review of Literature on IoT-enabled Gamification for User Engagement
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2021
Ruowei Xiao, Zhanwei Wu, Juho Hamari
IoT is becoming a fundamental construction of modern information infrastructure, the application of which can be widely found in a large amount of commercial and open public services. With the prevalence of low-cost, low-power consumption transducers and transducer-embedded smart devices, we have witnessed the emergence of large-scale Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) for environment monitoring, all the way to the Personal/Body Area Networks (PAN/BAN) that quantify an individual’s daily life and biometric information. An unprecedented level of data awareness and data accessibility has greatly influenced not only how we perceive the surrounding world but also our decision making and behavior patterns (Conti et al., 2017). The data conglomerate can increase the overall interactability of smart services by providing highly personalized feedback and contextual awareness in a fine-grained granularity. Compared with contemporary legacy systems, the introduction of IoT was proved able to improve energy efficiency (Moreno et al., 2014), reduce time and resource consumption (Malavade & Akulwar, 2016; TongKe, 2013), hence lowering the overall interaction cost. Furthermore, these rapidly developing automation systems also enhance users’ capabilities and their control over the services. Thus, IoT constitutes a technical affordance for engaging users in smart services.
Information infrastructure management for decision support in libraries of selected military universities in Poland in the light of own research
Published in Journal of Decision Systems, 2020
There are many definitions of information infrastructure that vary in scope, and its assigned content. There have been many simplifications, misunderstandings and often misinterpretations around the concept. According to J. Oleński, the task of information infrastructure is to collect, store and share information that meets the quality standards in force in society, necessary for other social, economic and political systems as well as information systems that support specific social or economic entities (Oleński, 2006). J. Lubacz, in turn, claims that the information infrastructure is shaped by telecommunications, IT and electronic media, and analysing it requires referring not only to technical measures, but also to institutional measures, including regulatory ones. It also assumes the easement of infrastructure in relation to the superior social functions that it is to support (Lubacz, 2001). J. Lubacz and W. Cellary suggest that the information infrastructure is being created as a result of the convergence process, i.e. the unification of sector telecommunications, IT and media infrastructures in the technical, service and institutional and regulatory sphere. Convergence, however, is not only technical processes, but also economic processes – mergers of similar enterprises from previously separated sectors and legal, because the legal solutions dominating in these three areas were unevenly shaped, due to different development history and different conditions (Cellary, 2002). In turn, B. Kahin claims that all components of the information infrastructure can be classified into one of three categories: telecommunications infrastructure, knowledge infrastructure and integrating infrastructure. Knowledge infrastructure organises and processes information that has research value (any database). Integration infrastructure is a common environment of standards and network applications that ensure the interoperability of all elements of the information infrastructure (Brzozowska & Łatuszyńska, 1999). Lewis M. Branscomb believes that the information infrastructure consists shared by individual users and institutions both private and public facilities and services that enable effective creation and distribution of useful information (Brzozowska & Łatuszyńska, 1999). It is the latter definition that best corresponds to the subject of the discussion undertaken by the author of this paper.