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Radio Frequency Spectrum
Published in Saad Z. Asif, 5G Mobile Communications Concepts and Technologies, 2018
Spectrum allocation is required not only in air-interface, but also for backhaul and to some extent in the fronthaul. Fronthaul is the link between a pool of base band units and remote radio units (RRUs) which collectively formed the concept of C-RAN (cloud/centralized radio access network). Backhaul (first leg between RRUs and Core Network) is a major challenge for 5G, but to some extent, it can be fulfilled with wired media such as optical fiber cable and technologies such as very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2, and so on. However, for the most part, the air-interface (link between wireless user/device and remote radio unit) is where the vast majority of the spectrum is required.
A Study of Improvements for Aquarium Light Bracket Structure
Published in Smart Science, 2019
Z.C. Lin, Z. T. Hou, Y. W. Lai
Lin and Wu [4] proposed a design process in which a combination of bran storming and the theory of innovation problem-solving of TRIZ were used in the design process. They used illustration by designing a recycling machine for Tetra Pak. Basically, they proposed the designs and features utilizing 39 engineering parameters, a contradiction matrix and 40 inventive principles for solving design problems. Wang et al. [5] presented a case study conducted base on the DFSS with TRIZ method for developing a new product called very-high-bit-rate digital subscriber line 2 comprising multiple-dwelling units. DFSS was used to establish a quality design by implementing preventive thinking and tools in the product development process. The results of their research indicated that the DFSS with TRIZ method could be effectively applied in new product developments. Yam et al. [6] took into account that all the TRIZ knowledge sources were represented as short texts and directly applying convention topic models on such short texts may not work well. Therefore, they proposed an extended latent semantic analysis model to find the missing links among the TRIZ knowledge sources. With the help of these obtained links, several heuristic abstract solutions could be obtained. In order to show this whole process, the resolution of the case of the ‘Auguste Piccard’s Stratostate’ was elaborated in detail.