Force carrier

Force carrier

Radioactivity and Matter

Published in Ivan G. Draganić, Zorica D. Draganić, Jean-Pierre Adloff, Radiation and Radioactivity on Earth and Beyond, 2020

Ivan G. Draganić, Zorica D. Draganić, Jean-Pierre Adloff

The electromagnetic force holds the negatively charged electrons in their orbits around the positively charged nucleus and is the basis of stability in the atom. This is the Coulomb force, which has been recognized since the 19th century. Coulomb’s law states that electric charges of like sign repel and charges of opposite sign attract each other with a force proportional to the product of their charges, and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The force-carrier of electromagnetic interaction is the photon, a bundle of electromagnetic radiation whose energy can vary from very high (gamma-ray photons) to very low values (radio-wave photons).

Inhomogeneous wave equation, Liénard-Wiechert potentials, and Hertzian dipoles in Weber electrodynamics

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Journal Information

Published in Electromagnetics, 2022

S. Kühn

Notably, not only is this force-carrier model compatible with the two postulates of special relativity, Maxwell’s equations and wave Equation (106), it can also explain the specific elliptic form of the Weber force (62). Furthermore, this model offers new opportunities for interpreting quantum effects due to its field quantization. Unfortunately, little investigation has been conducted on the consequences of the mechanism postulated here for phenomena outside of classical electrodynamics. However, it is known that one can derive from the Weber force not only magnetism, but likely gravitation and inertial effects as well.3 Therefore, further study of these new ideas may be promising.

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Radioactivity and Matter

Inhomogeneous wave equation, Liénard-Wiechert potentials, and Hertzian dipoles in Weber electrodynamics