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Renewable Energy Resources
Published in Julie Kerr, Introduction to Energy and Climate, 2017
A chemical reaction between the metals and the chemicals frees more electrons in one metal than it does in the other. One end of the battery is attached to one of the metals, and the other end is attached to the other metal. The end that frees more electrons develops a positive charge, and the other end develops a negative charge. If a wire is attached from one end of the battery to the other, electrons flow through the wire to balance the electrical charge. An electrical load is a device that uses electricity to do work or to perform a job. If an electrical load—such as an incandescent light bulb—is placed along the wire, the electricity can do work as it flows through the wire. Electrons flow from the negative end of the battery through the wire to the light bulb. The electricity flows through the wire in the light bulb and back to the positive end of the battery.
Prerequisite Concepts
Published in J. Lawrence, P.E. Vogt, Electricity Pricing, 2017
An electrical load is an appliance or other end-use apparatus (often referred to as utilization equipment) that requires electricity to perform any number of specific duties, such as toasting bread or heating a building or melting scrap iron. A load device converts electrical energy into another useful form of energy, which, in reference to the three examples listed here, includes thermal energy. This energy conversion process is often referred to as energy consumption.
Optimization of luminaire layout to achieve a visually comfortable and energy efficient indoor general lighting scheme by Particle Swarm Optimization
Published in LEUKOS, 2021
Purnima Mandal, Debangshu Dey, Biswanath Roy
The essential purpose of indoor lighting is to create a luminous environment, in conjunction with other indoor elements, where the users are capable of continuing human activities efficiently and comfortably for a longer period of time (De Boer and Fischer 1981). In general, the lighting design objectives have to address multiple and diverse issues such as visual performance, visual comfort, safety and health, appearance and color of the indoor environment, energy efficiency, and eco-friendliness. The luminous environment created should meet satisfactory visual conditions, the nature of which depends on the nature of visual tasks, contrast, age of the occupants, etc. (Coaton and Marsden 1997). Compliance with the designated lighting design parameters ensures the quality and quantity of the task-specific luminous environment. International standards and national codes are available to guide lighting designers to select target values of the lighting parameters corresponding to the varieties of visual task under a variety of indoor environments (BIS 2010; CIE 2002; EN 2011). Compliance with the maximum permissible limits of electric power density by the estimated electrical load of a lighting design meets the energy efficiency criterion. The issue of eco-friendliness can be addressed by the use of mercury-free lamps.
An electric power generation forecasting method using support vector machine
Published in Systems Science & Control Engineering, 2018
Li Guo, Jinhao Chen, Fukui Wu, Manran Wang
Electricity is a vital factor in the development for the national economy. One of the characteristics of electric power production is that power cannot be stored in large quantities, the power consumption and the power generation should be balanced in real time. If it is not satisfied, the voltage quality will be severely affected. The high voltage fluctuation not only increases the power consumption but also affects the life and safety of the electrical equipment. In order to realize the balance between power generation and electricity consumption, the prediction of electric net generation is very important for the national economy. It provides great significance to reasonably allocate the power generation material and make an optimal power planning decision by the power department of a country. Electric net power generation is equal to net power multiplied by running hours. The net power is also called the sum of power supply load, which is equal to the sum of the network loss and the integrated electrical load.
A solar energy-based shore side power system for a ferry service across the Suez Canal
Published in Ships and Offshore Structures, 2023
Ameen M. Bassam, Alexander B. Phillips, Stephen R. Turnock, Philip A. Wilson
For Option B where both vehicles' queue areas on Port Said and Port Fouad are covered with PV panels with a total area of , the PV system will be able to provide the required energy by the SSP system to supply the ferries' electrical load or supply the ferries' electrical load and charge their batteries as shown in Figure 13 with extra energy that can be fed to the national grid. The maximum average monthly PV production of per month is obtained in June with an excess energy in this month of 275 or depending on the SSP requirements which can be fed into the electricity grid.