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VLSI Interconnect and Implementation
Published in Manoj Kumar Majumder, Vijay Rao Kumbhare, Aditya Japa, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik, Introduction to Microelectronics to Nanoelectronics, 2020
Manoj Kumar Majumder, Vijay Rao Kumbhare, Aditya Japa, Brajesh Kumar Kaushik
The interconnect performance mainly affected by the inductive and capacitive phenomenon generated between the coupled interconnect line [30, 31]. The crosstalk effect can degrade or is responsible for digital logic faults or data loss. The major source of crosstalk is coupling capacitance between the lines, as depicted in Figures 7.19 and 7.20.
PLC cabling, data transmission, and networking
Published in Raymond F. Gardner, Introduction to Plant Automation and Controls, 2020
CAT 5 and CAT 6 cables are used for networking and internet connections. CAT 5E is the enhanced version replacement of now obsolete CAT 5 cable and it can handle data transmission rates of 10/100Mbps at a 100MHz bandwidth. CAT 6 and CAT 6A are newer versions that operate about 100 times faster than CAT 5 cables. CAT 6 can support a transmission rate of 1Gbps up to 164-feet at a bandwidth of 100MHz and CAT 6A up to 328 feet. The CAT 6 cables typically use shielded twisted wires, which are much less prone to crosstalkbetween signal conductors. Crosstalk is the unwanted electromagnetic interference coupled from signals in one set of conductors into another set of signal conductors in close proximity. CAT 6A achieves better performance by using a thicker plastic outer jacket that helps reduce crosstalk. Both CAT 5 and CAT 6 cables are terminated with the same RJ-45 plug connectors, and unless there are compelling transmission-speed requirements, the cheaper CAT 5 is often used (see Figure 18.14).
Understanding Data Sheet Specifications
Published in Steve Moore, Designing with Analog Switches, 2020
Crosstalk is the presence of unwanted signals from other inputs or outputs in a given channel. It can be specified with terms such as adjacent channel crosstalk, all hostile crosstalk, chip disabled crosstalk, etc., and all are usually specified in dB. Crosstalk and OFF isolation are critical parameters for RF and video switching applications, yet are very rarely specified with min/max limits, due to the difficulty of measurement on an automated tester. The typical performance spec is given under a limited, and hopefully well-defined set of test conditions. It is necessary to know the loading and sourcing impedances and capacitances, the signal level applied, the frequency at which the test is made, the supply voltages, which channel is being selected, and even the logic levels. In addition, the layout of the test makes a big difference in the readings taken. The point of all this is to make the user aware of the limited value that the crosstalk spec can have in a data sheet.
Spread spectrum reflectometry for the simultaneous diagnosis of shielded cable bundles
Published in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2023
where the sequence’s elements are binary i.e. . The system works by simultaneously injecting all test signals into the cables in the bundle under test. We assume that the routing, segregation, and shielding of the cables are optimised to mitigate the impact of crosstalk phenomenon. After travelling along the cables, the test signals are reflected by each impedance discontinuity in the cables (start of the cable, faults, etc). At the test point, two groups of reflections are received. The first group is caused by the impedance mismatch at the start of each cable, which results in all signals returning with the same delay. As for the second group, it corresponds to potential impedance mismatches in the cables causing the test signals to be reflected with some transmission delay. In this case, the reflected signal from fault in the cable is characterised by an attenuation and a delay. In the presence of noise, the received signal can then be written as
Analysis of Temperature-Dependent Crosstalk for Graphene Nanoribbon and Copper Interconnects
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Sandip Bhattacharya, Debaprasad Das, Hafizur Rahaman
Crosstalk refers to a special kind of anomaly which inadvertently degrades the performance of adjacent nets in VLSI circuits. It originates mainly due to coupling capacitance in between two adjacent nets in multiple interconnects systems, which can affect the performance of VLSI circuits [15–21]. In our analysis, we have considered three different nets. All three nets are present in parallel form and all are identical in dimensions. Figure 2(a) represents the tri-interconnect circuit for crosstalk analysis. Middle interconnect is known as victim net and two other interconnects act as aggressor nets. In Figure 2(b) shows middle net or victim net where two terminals are clearly defined, first one is near-end and second one is far-end used for crosstalk analysis. Figure 3 shows the crosstalk-analysis table for different switching condition between aggressor and victim net.
Performance and Power Optimization for Intercalation Doped Multilayer Graphene Nanoribbon Interconnects
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Bhawana Kumari, Manodipan Sahoo
Crosstalk can be defined as the effects induced by the parallel wires on one another while a signal is transmitted through them. The aggressor nets (here net1 and net3) induce crosstalk delay and noise on the victim net (net2), as shown in Figure 3. The reason behind crosstalk delay is the simultaneous switching of the nets either in the same direction or in the opposite direction. Figure 3 shows equivalent circuit model of MLGNR consisting of three conductors with crosstalk effects induced on net2 by net1 and net3. With victim net at logic high level if aggressor nets switch from logic low to high, then overshoot occurs in the victim net. But, for victim net kept at logic low level if both the aggressor nets switch from logic high to low then undershoot occurs. Noise peak and noise width give the measure of the overshoot and undershoot occurring in the signal transmitted through the interconnect, as shown in Figure 4. An ABCD parameter-based model is utilized to calculate the crosstalk-induced effects which can be obtained from [15].