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Smart and Intelligent Packaging Based on Biodegradable Composites
Published in Arbind Prasad, Ashwani Kumar, Kishor Kumar, Biodegradable Composites for Packaging Applications, 2023
Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan
Printed electronics is the electronic device that is printed on a substrate (Coatanea et al., 2009; Wikipedia, 2021). It is emerging as an important area of research in smart packaging. The quality of food products can be monitored by printing sensors on the packaging. Conductive inks are the important materials for the development of printed electronics. They are applied to print labels, QR codes and RFID tags on the food packaging. The content of these printed labels, codes and tags can be read or unlocked through an appropriate machine reader.
Optoelectronic Sensors for Health Monitoring
Published in Ye Zhou, Optoelectronic Organic–Inorganic Semiconductor Heterojunctions, 2021
Conductive ink printing is usually performed on different platforms, which includes screen printing, roll-to-roll printing, pin printing, and inkjet printing.64 These techniques normally involve masks, nozzles, or patterned templates for the deposition of the conductive inks at the desired locations. The transition of traditional single-point printing techniques to roll-to-roll printing makes it possible for the fast preparation of a considerable number of microarray sensors over the size of a few meters length by a few meters width, thus facilitating large-scale deployment of wearable sensors.65
Optoelectronic and Electronic Packaging Materials and Their Properties
Published in Sanjay Mavinkere Rangappa, Parameswaranpillai Jyotishkumar, Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani, Senthilkumar Krishnasamy, Suchart Siengchin, Food Packaging, 2020
Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan, Karthikeyan Subramaniam
The conductive inks for printed electronics are carbon-based materials (graphite and carbon nanotubes) and metal nanoparticles (like silver and gold). Cellulose nanocrystals can be used in the conductive inks to create transparent films and can bring rheological properties and stability. Cellulose can be used for both the substrates and inks. Cellulose fibrils can provide desired mechanical properties, control porosity, and enable recycling for substrates.
Graphene in wearable textile sensor devices for healthcare
Published in Textile Progress, 2022
Md Raju Ahmed, Samantha Newby, Wajira Mirihanage, Prasad Potluri, Anura Fernando
Printing is revolutionary for structuring conductive textiles without photolithography or chemical etching. Compared to the other manufacturing techniques, this method is cost-effective, highly efficient, and can continuously provide the required pattern on many substrates. However, the viscous, conductive composite material must be printed directly onto the textiles. The amount of penetration into the substrate by the material needs to be carefully weighed to avoid delamination or cracking of the pressure patterns under mechanical deformation. It also requires a non-conductive encapsulation layer to protect the materials printed on the substrate (Cruz, Rocha, & Viana, 2018). Inkjet printing is one printing technique that can form and structure the conductive material into an optimised conductive ink with the appropriate viscosity. Guo et al. reported a wholly organic, conductive cable designed with PET material with a controlled PEDOT concentration with PSS and sponge inkjet print templates (Guo et al., 2016). Unfortunately, it is not compatible with non-planar and large-format substrates, so there are limited applications. Another printing technique, stamp transfer, is considered a viable alternative because it can print sensors without limiting the substrates based on their surfaces (Windmiller, Bandodkar, Parkhomovsky, & Wang, 2012).
High-performance printable 2.4 GHz graphene-based antenna using water-transferring technology
Published in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials, 2019
Weijia Wang, Chao Ma, Xingtang Zhang, Jiajia Shen, Nobutaka Hanagata, Jiangtao Huangfu, Mingsheng Xu
Printed electronics have attracted great interest in recent years [1–4]. It has a wide range of applications, such as antennas [5–8], transparent electrodes [9–11], solar cells [12–14], thin-film transistors [15–17], and light-emitting devices [18–20]. The most widely used conductive inks for printed electronics are metal-based inks due to their high electrical conductivity and excellent mechanical properties. However, there are many obvious disadvantages of using metal-based inks. For example, although silver has high conductivity and its oxide is also conductive [21], the price of silver is so high that makes it an unsuitable choice for mass production. Aluminum and copper are much cheaper than silver, but they easily oxidize in ambient environment and form nonconductive oxides [22,23]. One kind of alternatives to metal-based inks is carbon-based materials, of which graphene is the most attractive and prospective one.
Wearable electronic textiles
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
David Tyler, Jane Wood, Tasneem Sabir, Chloe McDonnell, Abu Sadat Muhammad Sayem, Nick Whittaker
Conductive inks are also another practice of producing interactive textiles, as seen in Figure 18. It is important to note that all conductive inks must contain an appropriate highly-conductive metal precursor such as Ag, Cu, AU, and NPs and a carrier vehicle. Most are water-based (water is the main ink component and to limit contamination) and must be as pure as possible. These conductive inks can be used on an array of substrates using screen printing and inkjet printing methods, both which are lower value and offer high precision in design. The results are not only aesthetically pleasing but also create an electrically-active pattern [15, 58]. Conductive inks are further discussed in Section 3.