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Technological Development
Published in Edward Y. Uechi, Business Automation and Its Effect on the Labor Force, 2023
Coming out of the field of nanotechnology is a material that could be used in a wide range of applications across multiple industry sectors. Scientists in this field manipulate atoms to create new forms at the molecular level. Graphene is a material that is formed by a single layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice structure. The thickness of the layer is about 0.335 nanometers or one atom. Being the thinnest material, graphene can bend and change its shape without breaking. A sheet of graphene can be rolled into a tube to create a carbon nanotube.
Carbon-Based Photocatalytic Nanomaterials for Clean Fuel Production
Published in Swamini Chopra, Kavita Pande, Vincent Shantha Kumar, Jitendra A. Sharma, Novel Applications of Carbon Based Nano-Materials, 2023
Saikumar Manchala, Jaison Jeevanandam
Graphene is a two-dimensional nanostructure that can be obtained from carbon materials, where the six carbon atoms are arranged in a hexagonal shape and these hexagonal structures are arranged horizontally. It is noteworthy that individual graphene does not possess photocatalytic activity, whereas it acts as a support material to improve the photocatalytic property of other carbon or metallic nanoparticles (Jeevanandam et al. 2019, Mateo et al. 2018). Similarly, Safajou et al. (2017) reported the synthesis of novel graphene-palladium-titanium dioxide nanocomposites via combinatorial photo-deposition and hydrothermal approaches. In this study, titanium oxide was fabricated into both nanosized particles and wires, and its photocatalytic ability to degrade toxic Rhodamine B dye was evaluated under ultraviolet light irradiation. The results revealed that the composite with nanowires possesses enhanced photocatalytic property due to the surface area of titanium dioxide substrate (Safajou et al. 2017).
Green Electronics for Future Communication Systems
Published in Gurjit Kaur, Akanksha Srivastava, Green Communication Technologies for Future Networks, 2023
Sakshi Mittal, Gurjit Kaur, Manjeet Kumar
Graphene, a naturally occurring carbon allotrope was found in 1962. Various researches have been conducted to find the effect of graphene on human health. Negligible harmful effect of graphene has been observed (Ankit et al., 2018). Graphene is the thinnest material available that found its application in making strong and durable display screens for smart phones. Graphene can also be used for chip making, solar cells, pressure sensors etc. Graphene has a promising future due to its low production cost and environment safe nature.
Nonlinear bending of FG metal/graphene sandwich microplates with metal foam core resting on nonlinear elastic foundations via a new plate theory
Published in Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines, 2023
Mohammed Sobhy, Fatimah Alsaleh
Graphene is a material made up of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional hexagonal lattice nanostructure. Graphene is the lightest material known and the thinnest two-dimensional material in the world. Graphene also has many distinctive properties such as: (a) Conductivity: the unique atomic arrangement of carbon atoms allows electrons to move easily and quickly without scattering, thus saving energy that would normally be lost in other conductors such as copper. (b) Strength and hardness: graphene is a very strong material due to the strong bonds between carbon atoms. The graphene sheet is so dense that even the smallest atom of gas (such as helium) cannot penetrate it. (c) Flexibility: graphene is a bendable and stretchable material. The graphene sheet can be pulled and bent to certain limits without breaking, because the strong bonds between carbon atoms are also very flexible. (d) Transparency: graphene only absorbs of the visible light that strikes its surface. Graphene has become a valuable and useful nanomaterial for many material/device areas and applications, including electronics, composites, energy, telecommunications, sensors, imaging, filtration, solar cells, biological engineering and biomedical technologies. Because of its distinct properties, adding small amounts of graphene to another materials such as metals and polymers can achieve huge improvements in their properties.
Tunable Array Antenna with CRLH Feeding Network Based on Graphene
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
Ahmed A. Abdel Aziz, Ahmed A. Ibrahim, Mahmoud A. Abdalla
Graphene, a 2-D material, is a honeycomb lattice arrangement of carbon atoms that was investigated for the first time in 2004 [12]. Graphene has superior electrical, mechanical, thermal, chemical, and optical properties that enable it to become a very promising material in research and industrial disciplines. Several studies have been reported on graphene applications for RF, microwave/millimeter wave, and THz applications [13–15]. One of the most effective research areas employing graphene based on its tunable conductivity is tunable surfaces [16]. This tunable function is based on varying the applied DC bias voltage to the graphene sheet, which changes the chemical potential and hence the conductivity/resistance of it [17]. A big effort has been devoted in this research area for the past few years [18–21].
Low-cost synthesis of high-quality graphene in do-it-yourself CVD reactor
Published in Automatika, 2018
Graphene [1] is material composed entirely of carbon atoms arranged in the two-dimensional hexagonal lattice structure. Due to its one-atom thickness (approximately 3 Angstrom) it is the thinnest material available. In addition, the strong bonds between carbon atoms result in thermodynamic stability of graphene sheets [2] even when suspended in air. Graphene has exceptional mechanical and thermal properties. The Young’s modulus is 1 TPa, the tensile strength reaches a value of 100 GPa, while the thermal conductivity is 5000 W/mK [3]. From an electrical engineering point of view, a graphene is actually a zero-gap semiconductor material that supports ballistic transport [4] accompanied with very high charge mobility of 200,000 cm2/V [5] and the sheet resistance of 125 Ω-1 [6]. Particularly interesting is the fact that graphene can be viewed as a plasmonic material with the plasma frequency in the THz band [7]. In principle, plasma frequency can be tuned electrically, by changing electrochemical potential [8]. This interesting property was used in recent proposals of various THz and optical metamaterial-inspired structures such as absorbers [9], antennas [10], single-atom thick waveguides [11], reflectors [12], and lenses [13]. In addition, there have been several attempts to use non-linear electromagnetic properties of the graphene, in order to construct high-speed THz modulators [14]. Of course, all of these interesting engineering applications presume that there is a reliable and affordable graphene synthesis technology.