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Sensors for Autonomous Vehicles in Infrastructure Inspection Applications
Published in Diego Galar, Uday Kumar, Dammika Seneviratne, Robots, Drones, UAVs and UGVs for Operation and Maintenance, 2020
Diego Galar, Uday Kumar, Dammika Seneviratne
Image sensors can be either charge-coupled devices (CCDs) or complementary metal-oxide semiconductors (CMOSs). CCD has a high image quality with low noise, while CMOS has a relatively lower image quality and lower tolerance to noise (Mehta, Patel, & Mehta, 2015).
Multimedia Storage
Published in Sreeparna Banerjee, Elements of Multimedia, 2019
A CCD, also known as a color-capture device, is an image sensor consisting of an integrated circuit and an array of coupled or linked light sensitive capacitors. It is used in digital photography, astronomy (photometry), medical fluoroscopy, ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy, and so on.
Color in Metals and Semiconductors
Published in Mary Anne White, Physical Properties of Materials, 2018
Some cameras use a different type of sensor called a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). CMOS devices use several transistors at each pixel to amplify and move the charge using more traditional wires. Since the CMOS signal is digital, analog-to-digital conversion is not required. CCD sensors give high-quality, low-noise images, while CMOS sensors are generally more susceptible to noise. Furthermore, each pixel on a CMOS sensor has several transistors located next to it, and many of the photons hit the transistors instead of the photodiode, making the light sensitivity of a CMOS chip lower than that of the CCD. Which technology, CMOS or CCD, do you expect to have lower power consumption?
Transfer of ‘Engineer’s Mind’: Kim Choong-Ki and the Semiconductor Industry in South Korea
Published in Engineering Studies, 2019
Two things at Fairchild influenced him deeply. The first was that he encountered state-of-the-art Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) technology there. Just the year before, in 1969, Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith of Bell Laboratory had proposed the new idea of the CCD, which eventually brought them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2009.9 A CCD isan integrated circuit that captures and stores light and displays it by turning it into an electrical charge. Each CCD chip is composed of an array of Metal–Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitors, and each capacitor is a pixel. When electrical charges are applied to the CCD’s top plates, they can be stored within the chip’s structure. Then, digital pulses applied to the top plates can shift these charges among the pixels, creating a picture representing charged pixels.10CCD image sensors would soon be widely used in professional, medical, and scientific applications, such as consumer and professional digital cameras.
Journey of Visual Prosthesis with Progressive Development of Electrode Design Techniques and Experience with CMOS Image Sensors: A Review
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2018
Now the focus of researchers is shifted to develop the techniques which not only require less power but able to generate high dynamic range (HDR) at the same time. It is important to mention here that CMOS image sensors are more prone to noises like 1/f noise, fixed pattern noise (FPN), read out noise and reset noise as compare to its counterpart CCD, which is responsible of adverse effect of less fill factor, poor resolution and decreased quantum efficiency. This part of the paper will cover the significant contributions of CMOS image sensors in the journey of restoration of vision in blinds, Table 4 summaries the discussion.
Effect of proton radiation on 8T CMOS image sensors for space applications
Published in Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids, 2021
Jing Fu, Jie Feng, Yu-Dong Li, Qi Guo, Ying Wei, Lin Wen, Dong Zhou, Xiang Zhang, Yu-Long Cai, Bing-Kai Liu
The CMOS image sensors (CISs) are leading devices for optical imaging systems, they have gradually replaced the traditional Charge Coupled Device (CCD) image sensors because of their on-chip functionality and high sensitivity. CISs are commonly used in space applications such as remote sensing imaging, reconnaissance satellites, and star trackers. In particular, the 8T CMOS image sensor has the advantages of global shutter pixel and correlated double sampling (CDS); it is used for high-quality and motion blur-free imaging (1) and has developed rapidly in recent years.