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ANTHROPOMETRIC PROCEDURES FOR DESIGN DECISIONS: FROM FLAT MAP TO 3D SCANNING
Published in Paul T. McCabe, Contemporary Ergonomics 2004, 2018
Anthropometry is the study of human body size and proportions. It contributes to product value, efficacy, and safety in numerous applications. Anthropometric information is traditionally reported as means and standard deviations for various body segments (Roebuck, 1993). While the traditional anthropometric approach is useful for some simple applications, recent literature has shown that the point-to-point anthropometric information currently being used seems to be insufficient for many design applications (Hsiao et al, 2003). For instance, dimensions measured and tabulated by traditional methods are not linked to one another; knowing shoulder width would not enable a designer to create an accurate representation of shoulder location related to the cab space for a vehicle-design application. The newly available 3-D scanning and shape-quantification technologies make the assessment of 3D anthropometric information for product-design decision a much more feasible undertaking. This paper presents traditional univariate and bivariate methods and two emerging 3D anthropometric procedures for design decisions. Examples are provided for better understanding of
Dimensionless Invariants for Intentional Systems: Measuring the Fit of Vehicular Activities to Environmental Layout
Published in John Flach, Peter Hancock, Jeff Caird, Kim Vicente, Global Perspectives on the Ecology of Human-Machine Systems, 2018
Robert E. Shaw, Oded M. Flascher, Endre E. Kadar
Anthropometry is the study of the design of environments, furniture, tools, and equipment in units proportional to the intrinsic measurement of the human body (Panero & Zelnik, 1979). The architect Corbusier employed anthropometric principles, on a large scale, in the design of cities and buildings and, on a smaller scale, in the design of furniture and equipment. The famous Bauhaus initiated exploratory investigations into such design principles in the 1930s. Since then, the anthropometric approach has become an integral part of all design disciplines, especially architecture, human factors, and human engineering. Anthropometric π-numbers are those dimensionless ratios based on body-scaled measurements that play a role in the design and evaluation of environmental structures, furniture, tools, and equipment. Clearly, anthropometric π-numbers constitute an important class of geometric π-numbers. Very recently the empirical investigation into the validity of such geometric π-numbers has grown in popularity.
Anthropometry and Biomechanics
Published in Nancy J. Stone, Chaparro Alex, Joseph R. Keebler, Barbara S. Chaparro, Daniel S. McConnell, Introduction to Human Factors, 2017
Nancy J. Stone, Chaparro Alex, Joseph R. Keebler, Barbara S. Chaparro, Daniel S. McConnell
Anthropometry originates from physical anthropology (Herzberg, 1960; Nowak, 1997), which documents body differences among the human races (Herzberg, 1960).Therefore, anthropometry is the measurement of the human body or, more specifically, of human body parts. Some examples of body dimensions include stature, leg length, forearm length, head width, sitting height, and hand width. Anthropometric data are used to design environments and equipment for human use. This ensures that the space and equipment fit or conform to the size and shape of humans. Anthropometric measures can also include measures of range of motion and muscle strength (O’Brien, 1996), highlighting the importance of biomechanics, which are discussed later in this chapter. In fact, in order for anthropometric data to be applied, one must consider the conditions or constraints set by the biomechanics involved (Pheasant, 1990).
3D human ear modelling with parameterization technique and variation analysis
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Fang Fu, Ameersing Luximon, Yan Luximon
Anthropometry is essential in understanding the human body for ergonomic design. With the development of 3D scanning technology, researchers have conducted various studies on 3D anthropometry for different body parts, such as body shape (Azouz et al. 2006; Baek and Lee 2012), foot (Lee and Wang 2015; Telfer and Woodburn 2010), hand (Hsu and Yu 2010), breast (Zheng, Yu, and Fan 2007), head and face (Galantucci, Percoco, and Gioia 2009; Luximon, Zhang, et al. 2012b). Compared with traditional measurements, digital human models provide more geometric information when investigating morphological variation (Simmons and Istook 2003). However, 3D anthropometry is not yet a fully mature research field considering the freeform shape of the human body (Wang 2013b). Unlike other body parts, the human ear has complex morphology (Alvord and Farmer 1997) and significant variation among individuals (Sforza et al. 2009), bringing ear anthropometry study lots of challenges.
Cross-cultural comparison of body dimensions and trends: an analysis of ANSUR and Size Korea datasets for automotive seating design
Published in Ergonomics, 2023
Jiyeong Kang, Haein Jeon, Eunsik Kim, Kyongwon Kim, Hayoung Jung, Chris Lee
Anthropometry is the science of the measurement of the human body. It is an important branch of ergonomics and is specifically concerned with body size, shape, strength, and work capacity (Pheasant and Haslegrave 2018). Ergonomic research is conducted using anthropometric data to design and create user-centered products and work environments that take into account stability, efficiency, and utility. The importance of anthropometric data for product design has been recognised by various industries worldwide, including transportation, clothing, and electronics (Garneau and Parkinson 2016; Guan et al. 2012; Hsiao 2013; Nadadur and Parkinson 2013; Sadeghi, Mazloumi, and Kazemi 2015). However, the lack of anthropometric considerations in product design can negatively affect performance and the incidence of work-related injuries such as musculoskeletal disorders (Botha and Bridger 1998; Dewangan, Owary, and Datta 2008; Grimes and Legg 2004; Trevelyan and Legg 2010; Westgaard and Aarås 1984). Therefore, the need for anthropometric data is important in the process of designing products in various fields. For example, in the automotive industry, the height to the car ceiling and the distance between the accelerator and the seat should be designed with the 5th and 95th percentiles of the driver’s sitting height and knee height as the minimum and maximum, respectively (Ismaila et al. 2022). This consideration also aims to reduce driver fatigue, prevent musculoskeletal disorders and, most importantly, ensure the safety of being comfortable and well positioned in a vehicle.
Competitive performance predictors in speed climbing, bouldering, and lead climbing
Published in Journal of Sports Sciences, 2023
Marvin Winkler, Stefan Künzell, Claudia Augste
The following tests were performed; for further details, see Augste et al. (2020a). AnthropometryAnthropometric measurements included height, arm span, body weight, and fat percentage. In addition, the arm span to height index was calculated. Measurements were taken with a tape measure or digital scale with 1 centimetre or kilogram accuracy. Body fat percentage was determined through bioimpedance.(BC-545N, Tanita Europe BV, Netherlands)Upper limb power and maximum strength