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Smart Manufacturing
Published in Ravi Ramakrishnan, Loveleen Gaur, Internet of Things, 2019
Ravi Ramakrishnan, Loveleen Gaur
Smart machines using intelligence built on data and machine-to-machine communication, such as autonomous cars, self-healing satellites, intelligent robots, etc., are able to solve problems without manual intervention not on the basis of defined rules to work on specific scenarios but dynamically based on training datasets that are evolving as they become subject to more datasets during the course of practical usage. Smart machines such as intelligent personal assistants include Amazon Echo integrated with other IoT-enabled and digitally connected devices to provide machine-controlled environments and experiences (Zhong, 2013). Smart machines should have four capabilities: autonomous operations, secure access storage and transmission of data, digitally connected, and be self-learning with data. CPS-enabled data can transfer collected data to the cloud to synchronize products and services of a machine to an extent that any changes to the physical product can be implemented and then new adapting services provisioned remotely. CPS-based smart machine tools can be used to produce physical products since they integrate smart machines, warehouses, and production facilities end-to-end digitally.
Security with IoT
Published in Rebecca Lee Hammons, Ronald J. Kovac, Fundamentals of Internet of Things for Non-Engineers, 2019
Amazon Echo (aka Alexa) is a Wi-Fi-enabled virtual assistant developed by Amazon used in a variety of hardware footprints. The Echo is the original full-size unit with seven microphones and a full range speaker to enhance music playback capabilities. The Echo also comes in other configurations including the Dot, a smaller footprint unit without the full range speaker; the Show which includes a 7″ LCD screen; and the Spot, which is similar to the Dot but with a 2.5″ circular screen. All of the Echo devices are activated by the keyword ‘Alexa’, so it is common for them to be referred to as Alexa.
An Overview of Security Issues of Internet of Things
Published in Lavanya Sharma, Mukesh Carpenter, Computer Vision and Internet of Things, 2022
Lavanya Sharma, Sudhriti Sengupta, Nirvikar Lohan
An IoT device, also referred to as a smart device, can be anything such as home appliances, medical healthcare devices, vehicles, homes, workshops, factories, and cities. Anything can be attached with a microprocessor and sensors, providing data about the real world and transferring those data through the internet. There are many types of sensors (e.g., temperature, humidity, pressure, distance, light, and motion) which are embedded in the device. An IoT device can be configured to interact with other IoT devices and computers. These devices communicate through various means (e.g., broadband, cellular data, and Wi-Fi) [5,6]. Power supply to these IoT devices plays an important role in mobility or rigidity. For example, a small device which is capable of working without a constant wired power supply can be very handy. Such devices are generally preferred by consumers because they are more convenient. Other types of bigger things in IoT include healthcare devices (e.g., CT scanner, monitor), buildings, and cities, which are rigid and generally have a constant wired power supply. Also, there are things which constantly move and also have a wired power supply such as cars, bikes, and airplanes [5,7]. IoT devices can also be classified whether it is a logical/physical or an IP-enabled/non-IP object. Some of the characteristics of an IoT device are the ability to sense, actuate, and control the energy/power and its connection with the physical world, mobility, and connectivity. Some devices are required to be fast and robust [40–42]. Some are required to be precise, while some are required to be long-lasting. Some devices are provided with external security factors (cases, covers, and triggers), while others are totally exposed. Some examples of IoT devices are as follows: Wearable DevicesFitness bands like Google Home [18] and smartwatches like Apple watch [19] and Samsung Galaxy Gear [20].Amazon EchoIt is a hands-free speaker which is connected to a cloud-based voice service [21].Philips HueIt is a smart home lighting system which can be controlled remotely and can sense time and day to adjust lights accordingly [22] (Table 3.1).
Voice assistant technology applied to populations with developmental and physical disabilities
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Ana Vitória Lachowski Volochtchuk, Higor Leite, Alessandro Diogo Vieira
Some of the most common examples of VAs available on the market are Alexa (Amazon), Cortana (Microsoft), Siri (Apple) and Google Home (Hoy 2018; Budzinski, Noskova, and Zhang 2019; Lee, Lee, and Sheehan 2020). The first release of a digital assistant was made by Apple in 2010, with the Siri software; this led to a revolution in the VA market (Hoy 2018; Lee, Lee, and Sheehan 2020). The second digital assistant was released by Microsoft in 2013 called Cortana (Hoy 2018). In 2014, Amazon’s Alexa device was launched in the market, the first with a speaker system outside the cell phone and a specific voice assistant device (Amazon Echo), which can play music, set alarms, and connect with other smart devices. Two years later, Google launched the Google Home VA device, and in 2018, Apple released the Apple HomePod device (Lee, Lee, and Sheehan 2020).
Alexa, Is My Data Safe? The (Ir)relevance of Privacy in Smart Speakers Reviews
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2023
Guglielmo Maccario, Maurizio Naldi
Amazon Echo is a line of smart speakers developed by Amazon, which comprises several devices connected to Amazon’s developed voice-controlled smart assistant Alexa. The first generation of Amazon Echo, launched on the market in 2014, was the first cloud-enabled wireless speaker embedded with a personal virtual assistant that could listen to its users’ voice commands and perform various tasks. As of April 2021, the Alexa-equipped smart speakers that were sold on the UK Amazon website were Echo Studio, Echo Plus (2nd gen.), Echo (4th. gen.), Echo Dot with clock (4th gen.), Echo Dot (3rd gen.), and Echo Dot (4th gen.). Our investigation focused on three products among the six sold in the UK: Amazon Echo (4th gen.), Amazon Echo Dot (4th gen.), and Amazon Studio. The choice fell on those products for two reasons: (1) the possibility to observe products with different technical features that might impact the customer’s perception of the privacy component; (2) the abundance of reviews. Some drawbacks may be associated with selecting products without considering privacy and technical details differences. Some privacy implications might arise only in products that have a particular feature. This consideration led us to select three products representing the whole brand line.
‘How should my family assistant be?’: initial perceptions about prospective and anticipated use of in-home virtual assistants in an emerging context
Published in Behaviour & Information Technology, 2023
Aslı Günay, Gülşen Töre Yargın, Sedef Süner-Pla-Cerdà, Mert Kulaksız
We questioned initial perceptions about the prospective and anticipated use of VAs for home use by presenting use case videos to the participants. Considering the accessibility of videos and inclusion of diversified features, we used publicly available advertisement videos of four VA technologies. These use case videos represent a variety of products so that richer user perceptions could be retrieved, even though the primary feature in most of them had to be VUI. As such, we considered both currently available designs and futuristic concepts. Three of them were in the market, and one of them was a conceptual design. The selected technologies were ‘Google Home’, ‘Amazon Echo’, ‘Tapia’, and ‘Beko’s Tomorrow’s Home’. Google Home is a voice-activated smart home speaker-like VA, also marketed as a smart home control centre. Amazon Echo is a voice-activated smart home speaker with the VA Alexa, which assists users through multiple skills, such as voice purchases. Tapia is a characterful and emotional robotic companion VA that learns users’ lifestyles and helps them stay in contact with friends and relatives. Beko’s Tomorrow’s Home is a connected home service concept in which all appliances at home are connected, and users interact with a more ubiquitous VA embedded in these appliances. Although the sample group may have previous knowledge about these brands and products from global news and publicly available videos on the Internet, their preconceptions about the products and brands are still of value to understand their perceptions regarding the prospective and anticipated use of these technologies. Therefore neither the brands nor the names of the products are disguised in the videos. Table 2 summarises the features of these VAs as depicted in the videos.