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Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
Published in Chanchal Dey, Sunit Kumar Sen, Industrial Automation Technologies, 2020
Hence, for longer transmission distances, RS-422 is a better option. Unlike the RS-232C interface, RS-422 is ‘balanced’. Each of its primary signals consists of two wires that are always at opposite logic levels with respect to signal ground. As a result, the interface can achieve longer transmission distance (4,000 ft) and higher data transmission rates up to 90 kbps. In shorter runs (less than 50 ft), data transfer can reach 10 Mbps. Fiber-optic communication is gaining greater acceptance and is being used in more and more installations. Fiber-optic cable is more suitable in harsh environmental conditions and for electrical noise. Also, these links can span extremely longer distances and transmit data at very high speeds. For such cases, lesser number of repeaters is needed for data to travel from transmitter to receiver.
Sensor Networks and Communication
Published in John G. Webster, Halit Eren, Measurement, Instrumentation, and Sensors Handbook, 2017
Actuator Sensor Interface (AS-i) was developed by a consortium of primarily European companies interested in developing a low-cost, flexible method for connecting sensors and actuators at the lowest levels of industrial control systems. The system is managed by an independent worldwide organization [5]. The AS-i system provides a two-wire, nontwisted cable for interconnection of devices. Devices may draw current from the two wires (nominally at 24 V dc) for powering circuitry, and the data communications are modulated on top of the nominal dc level at a bit rate of 167 kHz, under the control of the master. A single parity bit per station is used for error detection. Similar to Seriplex, an AS-i device is typically implemented using a special ASIC that handles the communication.
Digital audio
Published in Steve Heath, Multimedia and Communications Technology, 1999
The interface is essentially a serial one which is clocked at either 512 kHz or 1 MHz and sends data around a daisy chained set of devices. The data is sent digitally with the description of musical notes, keyboard presses and timing built in as a series of small compact messages. Devices can be set to respond to any message or, by assigning them to a channel, messages can be sent to them alone. Control information can also be sent and, by using a system exclusive message, a manufacturer can define his own set of messages and codes. This allows the settings from a synthesiser of effects unit to be stored on disk on a PC for future reference, and so on.
Analysis of Ethernet Control Network
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2023
As it is well-known, Ethernet is not originally designed for real-time communications [6]. However, efforts are on to rise the use of Ethernet for real time solutions [7–9]. Some of the new real-time Ethernet technologies are Beckhoff [10] and Time sensitive Networks (TSN) [11] which makes Ethernet-based networks more deterministic. There are some [12–16] reports that provide some insights into the Industrial-Ethernet developments for real time monitoring and delay measurements using different types of programmable logic controllers with a protocol support to the existing fieldbuses such as WorldFIP [17], Profibus [18], CAN [19], Interbus [20], AS-Interface [21,26], SERCOS [22], LonWorks [23], MVB [24], MIL-STD 1553 [25], and DeviceNet [27]. However, such fieldbus solutions are limited with the high cost of hardware and the difficulty in interfacing with multi-vendor products for small applications. Therefore, with the advancement of technologies, the switched Ethernet (IEEE 802.3) is currently considered as an industrial network [28,34–35] solution for achieving cost-effective near-deterministic performances.
FPGA based Industrial Ethernet Network Analyser for Real-time Systems Providing Openness for Industry 4.0
Published in Enterprise Information Systems, 2022
Jacek Stój, Adam Ziębiński, Rafał Cupek
However, the main goal of the presented solution is not risk reduction itself, but rather the possibility to open any existing industrial Ethernet-based Cyber-Physical System to Industry 4.0, similarly to the Controller Interface mentioned above. The idea is to implement a network analyser to extract process data from the system and send the data to a higher-level system for further processing, like for predictive maintenance (Premkamal, Pasupuleti, and Pja 2020), for example, by using some deep learning techniques (Civerchia et al. 2017). The solution may also be seen in a wider context. It allows data flow from the process level to the enterprise information system level. As such, it may be implemented to provide data for digital twins (Chen and Li 2020), (Ruppert and Abonyi 2020) or the need to migrate some functions of the monitored facility to a higher level system (Bao et al. 2019), cloud storage (Breivold 2020), (Hossain, Rahman, and Roy 2019) or intersection between cyber physical systems and big data in Industry 4.0 (Zhang et al. 2021).
Integration of heterogeneous system information in machining-detection logistics for titanium alloy blade with adaptive belt grinding
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2019
Guijian Xiao, Yi He, Yun Huang, Ying Liu, Wentao Dai, Li Quan
In summary, although significant achievements have occurred in system integration both locally and globally, various technologies can be used to effectively achieve heterogeneous device communication interaction and data transmission between devices or between the devices and the system. However, current research on abrasive belt grinding integration is limited. Therefore, this work studies the information integration of three heterogeneous systems, namely 840D, 828D, and Win3Ds. It proposes to assimilate the heterogeneous systems on the network structure and protocol isomorphism on the basis of an industrial Ethernet network platform, using the OPC technology to unify the control systems in the communication interface. Finally, an adaptive belt grinding experiment based on this method is conducted.