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IP Codecs
Published in Steve Church, Skip Pizzi, Audio Over IP, 2012
Access to these services is usually via a PC card or USB radio device. These are designed to be used with laptop PCs, but can just as well be plugged into broadcast codecs that include the appropriate connector and software. An external box can be used to interface the PC card to the codec via a wired Ethernet connection. Finally, an idea that is growing more prevalent is to use a device that turns such a mobile IP connection into a personal WiFi “hotspot.” Since laptops and smart phones almost universally support WiFi, this is an easy way to get an Ethernet connection to them. The broadcast IP codec would need a WiFi interface for this to work (see Section 7.7.7).
Communication Network at a Glance
Published in Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez, Network Evolution and Applications, 2023
Vikas Kumar Jha, Bishwajeet Pandey, Ciro Rodriguez Rodriguez
On the basis of the connecting media type, networks have been broadly classified as a wired network (a network having a fixed line cable or physical connection between connecting nodes) and a wireless network (a network with no proper line established or the media is not a physical cable). A wired network uses physical cables to transfer data between the devices connected through the network. There are different types of cables available which support this network such as copper wire, twisted pair, or fiber optic. Wired connectivity has been the conventional means of networking, and it is a general assumption that a wired network can provide high security with high bandwidth provisioned for each user. Wired connectivity is considered as a highly reliable network that incurs very low delay comparative to a wireless network.A wireless network [1], on the other hand, can be seen as a network that does not require any physical cable to establish the network as well as to connect the user devices with the network. Wireless network uses the electromagnetic waves like infrared or radio frequency signals to transfer data between devices. This allows devices to stay connected to the network while also roaming freely without being tethered to any wires. Wireless networks are also known as Wi-Fi which is very popular nowadays. We can often find a Wi-Fi hotspot around us when we go to a café, hotel, airport, railway station, hospital, and many more public places, and at these places, we are provided with the facility to connect wirelessly our devices through the hotspot’s wireless network.
Assessment of an automated IoT-biofloc water quality management system in the Litopenaeus vannamei’s mortality and growth rate
Published in Automatika, 2022
Eric B. Blancaflor, Melito Baccay
During the initial stage, a couple of errors were encountered, such errors included input validation is missingupdate of records (sensor values to be set) is not workinginputs do not sync with the databaseIP address changes every time the Wi-Fi router restartsWi-Fi hotspot do not workautomatic feeding does not workautomatic controls on the motor once the dissolved oxygen reading is below level 3did not observe error handling
Interactive Immersive Public Displays as Facilitators for Deeper Participation in Urban Planning
Published in International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 2020
Guiying Du, Christian Kray, Auriol Degbelo
Furthermore, the study was carried out in the lab with artificial (and fairly simple) content. A deployment study with actual content from an ongoing urban planning project would be highly desirable for several reasons. It would most likely require modifications to the prototype (e.g. regarding dealing with large numbers of content and votes, or managing concurrent usage by multiple users) and would provide insights with respect to appropriation and long-term use. In addition, we provided participants with a smartphone with the voting/commenting app already running and connected to the system. In a real-world deployment, users would have to obtain and connect this app by themselves, which would introduce another barrier. A potential way to solve this would be to prominently display a short URL or QR code on the large screen that could direct citizens to a web app connected to the system. This approach would, however, require an internet connection. An alternative would be for the public display to include a Wi-Fi hotspot that people can connect to in order to start the web app. In our study, the order of showing the three alternatives in each urban planning scenario was fixed, this might have affected the results. However, we think the effect was probably minimal since the main aim of our study is to collect feedback on each design alternative but not to select one winner among them.
Application of the Internet of Things in the textile industry
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
Hitesh Manglani, George L. Hodge, William Oxenham
In IT-related protocols, each layer in 5-layer IoT architecture has associated standards and protocols. This issue of Textile Progress reviews the standard associated with the perception layer, network layer, and application layer only; its scope does not include standards associated with the middleware layer and business layer. The middleware layer has well-established operating systems and hardware standards while the business layer is “highly end-service specific.” Standards in the perception and network layer are grouped under the infrastructure heading, which also includes routing and linking, routing being the way of transferring data from devices to the server. In cases where one field device can talk to another, and if the master router (say a Wi-Fi hotspot) is busy, the device sends the outgoing data to the next available field device. The receiving field device can send data to the master router at an appropriate time, or if the location of the field device is far away from the master router, it might send the data to the next field device based on topology. This phenomenon is highly essential in a manufacturing facility where the quality of the environment leads to data losses in wireless transfers, making routing topology of paramount importance.