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Network Selection in Heterogeneous Wireless Environment
Published in K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Bojan M. Bakmaz, Wireless Multimedia Communication Systems, 2017
K. R. Rao, Zoran S. Bojkovic, Bojan M. Bakmaz
In homogeneous networks, handover is typically required when the serving PoA becomes unavailable due to user’s movement, whereas the need for vertical (heterogeneous) handover can be initiated for convenience rather than connectivity reasons. Major challenges in vertical handover management are seamlessness and automation aspects in network switching. These specific requirements can refer to the always best connected (ABC) concept [2]. ABC represents a vision of fixed and mobile wireless access as an integral and challenging dimension in developmental paradigm of the next generation of wireless networks. It is a strategic goal to define important advancements that happen and are predicted in technologies, networks, user terminals, services, and future business models that include all these issues while realizing and exploiting new wireless networks. On the other hand, because users can always be connected through the optimal RAN, it is necessary to develop an adequate mechanism for its selection. Because some other parameters must be taken into consideration besides the traditional RSS and SINR, it is possible that the problem can be pointed out from the aspect of multiple criteria analysis [3].
Mobility Management
Published in Wen Sun, Qubeijian Wang, Nan Zhao, Haibin Zhang, Chao Shen, Ultra-Dense Heterogeneous Networks, 2023
Wen Sun, Haibin Zhang, Nan Zhao, Chao Shen, Lawrence Wai-Choong Wong
During the handover process, it is necessary to ensure that the link transfer is seamless [139]. Especially in UDN, handover is the key to achieve seamless coverage of the communication network. According to the existing literature, the handover can be classified as follows: Hard/Soft handoverHandover can be divided into hard handover and soft handover. Hard handover means “disconnect first, then connect”. The UE disconnects with the current serving BS first, and then establishes a connection with the target BS. Hard handover can save channel resources, but “disconnect” may lead temporarily disconnect from the current BS, and the “release-build” process may cause multiple handovers. Soft handover is “connect first, then disconnect” [140]. That is, after establishing a connection with the target BS, the connection with the current BS is disconnected. It can overcome the shortcoming of the hard handover interruption.Horizontal/Vertical handoverHorizontal handover and vertical handover are defined according to access technology of network. The handover of UE between isomorphic networks using the same access technology is called horizontal handover. Horizontal handover generally considers the RSS received by the UE and the remaining system resources of the target cell, which is relatively simple. Handover between different access technologies is called vertical handover, also called inter-system handover. Vertical handover enables cellular networks to take advantage of higher bandwidth and lower costs while extending the coverage of cellular networks.Network controlled/Mobile station assisted handoverAccording to the control message service, handover methods can be divided into network control and mobile station assistance. Mobile station assistance is commonly used, the terminal collects channel information and reports it to the BS. The BS decides whether to initiate the handover and which BS should be connected. Then the command is sent to the UE by the BS.
Vertical handover in heterogeneous networks using WDWWO algorithm with NN
Published in International Journal of Electronics, 2021
M Naresh, D Venkat Reddy, K Ramalinga Reddy
During VH, there are some challenges presents in the decision stage of multi-hop wireless networks (Goudarzi et al., 2018; Parambanchary & Rao, 2018). QoS maintenance is the major problem in VH, because it must be maintained in different kinds of access networks with several resources in neighbouring networks (Foukas et al., 2018; Sivvam et al., 2018). Signalling cost, high latency and packet loss are some challenges related to the handover; it complicates delay across different network technologies (Almutairi et al., 2018; Bagubali et al., 2018). While maintaining the stability of the connection, there is a need for VH decision in heterogeneous networks. So, the optimised access network can be selected for the handover process (Abdulwahhab et al., 2019; Li et al., 2018). This could be overcome by using a hybrid optimisation algorithm in which it optimally selects the best network for the handover process. Plenty of existing works studies about the vertical handover in heterogeneous networks using a single optimisation algorithm. But, they did not consider the complexity of network selection. In order to overcome such issues, our work focusing on the development of following contributions, To consider more number of network parameters for achieving an accurate vertical handover process.To make use of DRN for predicting the best network for the handover process at the time of vertical handover.To make use of WDWWO for updating weights in DRN to reconcile the difference between predicted and actual outcomes.