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Transport Networks and Protocols
Published in Mário Marques da Silva, Cable and Wireless Networks, 2018
The MPLS was designed to support any layer 3 protocol (IPv4, IPv6, IPX, ATM, etc.) [RFC 3031; 3270]. Moreover, it can be implemented over any type of layer 2 protocol, such as SDH, SONET, Ethernet, and PPP. Consequently, it is normally stated that the MPLS belongs to layer 2,5 of the OSI reference model (see Figure 14.24). It is worth noting that the MPLS implementations can either be implemented over SDH/SONET circuit switching network or directly over a physical circuit. The advantage of using a packet switching protocol (MPLS) relies on the ability to reach a better usage of the network resources. Moreover, the MPLS is known as a packet switching transport protocol that provides QoS, feature not present in circuit switching networks (SDH/SONET).
Legacy to Current-Day Telephone Networks
Published in Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom, Introduction to COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES, 2015
Stephan S. Jones, Ronald J. Kovac, Frank M. Groom
Residential telephone service traditionally used analog circuit-switching protocols, but the core of the PSTN has been adapted to packet switching. ATM was adapted to work with IP technologies but soon proved to be inferior to a protocol called MPLS. MPLS works by analyzing a packet’s header information when it is received by a label edge router (LER). The LER checks to see where the packet is heading and then determines where the packet’s final destination will be. Finally, the LER places a label on the front of the packet and sends it to the appropriate label switch router (LSR). LSRs are devices inside an MPLS network that switch packets based solely on the label applied to them by an LER. The packet is sent through the MPLS network until it arrives at its final decision, which is another LER. This LER strips the packet of its label and begins routing the packet according to IP standards, with source and destination addresses.
Multiprotocol Label Switching
Published in Goff Hill, The Cable and Telecommunications Professionals' Reference, 2012
Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) is a methodology of controlling switched networks that has been designed to be compatible with IP networks. This is unlike many other switched-network solutions that have been developed separately from IP and that interoperate with variable degrees of success. This chapter starts by introducing the MPLS architecture, which includes the components and the methodology of switching to create a Label Switch Path (LSP). The architecture is supported by signaling that sets up the LSP. The signaling is fairly complex because there are a number of LSP signaling protocols; therefore, only an overview of the main protocols is presented and the motivation for their existence is given. The final parts of this chapter describe the two main applications for MPLS: traffic engineering (including quality of service) and providing carrier-grade Virtual Private Networks (VPNs). These two applications are considered separately, although of course it is possible (and likely) that they will be used together. Before considering the MPLS architecture in detail, the basic principle and history behind its evolution are described.
A Survey on Packet Switching Networks
Published in IETE Journal of Research, 2022
The traffic demand has been increased because of delay-sensitive applications and increasing bandwidth, and the circuit-based networks can no longer fulfil traffic demands. Hence, Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS) has been introduced to optimize the network resources and manage the traffic [19]. MPLS is a technique used to forward the packets based on labels. The lookup process in the switching table in the MPLS network is less time-consuming and complex than the routing lookup process in IP routing. MPLS network provides many advantages and features like Quality of Service (QoS) and traffic engineering [20]. In an MPLS network, the packets forwarded are based on labels, and these labels are injected by the ingress edge router and removed by the egress edge router. Therefore, the source and destination workstations do not know about the labels. This technique is also called label switching.