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The Open Geospatial Consortium and Location Service Standards
Published in Hassan A. Karimi, Advanced Location-Based Technologies and Services, 2016
KML (formerly Keyhole Markup Language) is an XML language focused on geographic visualization, including annotation of maps and images. Geographic visualization includes not only the presentation of graphical data on the globe but also the control of the user’s navigation in the sense of where to go and where to look. In 2006, Google submitted KML to the OGC for consideration as a standard. KML was the first instance of a de facto standard being submitted into the OGC standards process and as such the OGC modified its standards approval process to accommodate standards that have been developed externally from the OGC and then submitted into the OGC process. KML was approved as an OGC standard in 2008.
Working with spatial data
Published in Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton, Texts in Statistical Science, 2017
Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML file format for storing geographic data. KML files can be read by Google Earth and other GIS applications. A Spatial*DataFrame object in R can be written to KML using functions from either the maptools or plotKML packages. These files can then be read by ArcGIS, Google Maps, or Google Earth. Here, we illustrate how to create a KML file for the North Carolina congressional districts data frame that we defined earlier. A screenshot of the resulting output in Google Earth is shown in Figure 14.20.
Working with geospatial data
Published in Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton, Modern Data Science with R, 2021
Benjamin S. Baumer, Daniel T. Kaplan, Nicholas J. Horton
Keyhole Markup Language (KML) is an XML file format for storing geographic data. KML files can be read by Google Earth and other GIS applications. An sf object in R can be written to KML using the st_write() function. These files can then be read by ArcGIS, Google Maps, or Google Earth. Here, we illustrate how to create a KML file for the North Carolina congressional districts data frame that we defined earlier. A screenshot of the resulting output in Google Earth is shown in Figure 17.16.
Virtual globes for UAV-based data integration: Sputnik GIS and Google Earth™ applications
Published in International Journal of Digital Earth, 2019
Marcos Arza-García, Mariluz Gil-Docampo, Juan Ortiz-Sanz, Santiago Martínez-Rodríguez
Google Earth is the most well-known and widely used VG in all types of technical and scientific studies (e.g. Butler 2006; Tomaszewski 2011; Blenkinsop 2012; Yu and Gong 2012). This product was initially presented as a parallel search tool to Google Maps that added an attractive visual 3D engine; however, its application has been gradually drifting towards a wider range of use. KML integration in Google Earth popularized its use for visualizing, locating and navigating through geospatial data (Bailey and Chen 2011).