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Feature-Based Design in Integrated Manufacturing
Published in Cornelius Leondes, The Design of Manufacturing Systems, 2019
Standards for Exchange of Product Data (STEP) is an international standard (designated as ISO 10303) that deals with the computer interpretable representation and exchange of product model data. The intent is to provide a neutral interface which is capable of describing all the life-cycle properties of a given artifact independent of the CAD platform used for product modeling. This will also serve as a basis for implementing and sharing product databases and archives. The various parts of ISO 10303 are divided into the following categories: description methods, application protocols, abstract test suites, implementation methods, and conformance testing.
Tracking differences between IFC product models: A generic approach for fully-concurrent systems
Published in Manuel Martínez, Raimar Scherer, eWork and eBusiness in Architecture, Engineering and Construction, 2020
STEP, the Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data, is a comprehensive ISO standard (ISO 10303) that describes how to represent and exchange digital product information. IFC use specific parts from STEP: STEP part 11 describes the way to define a schema description. IFC data model can be defined with a STEP-11 file written in EXPRESS language. STEP part 21 suggests a standard to exchange product models which are instances from the data model. IFC building models can be serialized in a STEP-21 file. Therefore an IFC product model or any STEP product model can be associated to a structured tree.
IT Infrastructure and the Internet of Things
Published in John P.T. Mo, Ronald C. Beckett, Engineering and Operations of System of Systems, 2018
The supply chain in engineering and design sector is primarily dealing with the synchronization of design effort through exchange of data. The use of a standardized data protocol is critical. ISO 10303 specifies a standard for the exchange of product data (STEP). This standard is now widely adopted by CAD systems as a data exchange protocol. The internet-enabled supply chain in engineering and design can use this standard data protocol to collaborative effectively.
Smart manufacturing systems: a futuristics roadmap towards application of industry 4.0 technologies
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2023
Amrinder Singh, Geetika Madaan, Swapna Hr, Anuj Kumar
These problems might address by standardized data transfer protocols and information modelling approaches. MT Connect is an open, non-proprietary communication protocol designed to improve devices and applications’ capacities for data collection and shift to an environment for plug and play, which reduces data integration costs. Improved data acquisition capabilities and transformed into a plug-and-play environment that lowers data integration expenses (Liu and Jiang 2016). MT Connect can convert data gathered from XML data format different devices, which supported by most software programs. ISO 10303 is an ISO standard widely known as STEP, which specifies product data throughput the product life cycle regardless of the system used. The Communication Service deploys digital double wires for key components and distributes structured real-time data for internet applications.
Development of a CNC interpretation service with good performance and variable functionality
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2022
STEP-NC (formalized as ISO 14649 and ISO 10303 AP238) is a vendor-neutral and universal NC programming language published by ISO that aims to replace G code (Cha et al. 2014). It uses data models defined by STEP (formalized as ISO 10303), which is an international standard for the computer-interpretable representation of product information and for the exchange of product data ISO14649–1. In this sense, STEP-NC is an extension of STEP to the CNC area, and unlike G code, it enables bi-directional information flow between the CAD/CAM/CAPP system and CNC (Xu and Newman 2006). Moreover, STEP-NC describes machining information on a machine tool-independent feature-level instead of a machine tool-dependent method-level (Lu, Xu, and Wang 2020). Specifically, it specifies machining processes by an object-oriented concept of Workingsteps. Workingsteps correspond to high-level machining features and associated process parameters that each workingstep describes a single manufacturing operation using one cutting tool, such as the roughing operation of a pocket or the finishing operation of a region of a freedom surface ISO14649–1.
Improving template-based CT data evaluation by integrating CMM reference data into a CAD model-based high fidelity triangle mesh
Published in Nondestructive Testing and Evaluation, 2022
Andreas Michael Müller, Tino Hausotte
Tactile coordinate measurement machines are based on the mechanical interaction of a probe element with the surface of the measurement object. Compared to other systems, like optical systems and X-ray computed tomography, tactile CMMs are characterised by a relatively low number of measurement points (especially if single point probing is used) but with high accuracy. The measurement result consists of at least a point-cloud of the measured coordinates, however additional data (e.g. probing vectors) are in many cases available. Importantly, a CMM does not output a surface representation of the probed surface but instead a collection of discrete measurement points. In the context of Geometrical Product Specification (GPS) [10], the measurement points are used to calculate substitute elements by the application of data fitting methods in order to assess geometric tolerances. With the exception of the so-called free-form scans, CMMs are usually not capable of measuring objects of unknown shape, and an approximate geometry of the measurement object must be known in advance within a certain tolerance. In practice, the nominal geometry of the measurement must necessarily be known and is often provided in the form of a CAD model. At first, the location and orientation of the measurement object within the coordinate system of the CMM is determined by the manual probing of a sufficient number of measuring points, in order to determine the workpiece coordinate system. A commonly used CAD format is STEP (standard for the exchange of product model data), which is defined in the standard series ISO 10303. In the next step, the probing of different surface regions can be performed according to the measurement strategy. The measurement is limited by the physical accessibility of the geometric features.