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How Does 3D Printing Work?
Published in Rafiq Noorani, 3D Printing, 2017
IGES is a common format to exchange graphics information between various CAD systems. It was initially developed and promoted by the then American National Standards Institute in 1981. The IGES file can precisely represent both geometry and topological information for a CAD model, thus making it more accurate than the STL file format. An IGES file contains information about surface modeling, constructive solid geometry, and boundary representation (B-rep). It can precisely represent a CAD model by providing entities of points, lines, arcs, and splines as well as surface and solid elements. The primary advantage of IGES format is its widespread adoption and comprehensive coverage. However, there are some disadvantages associated with the IGES format as it relates to its use as a 3D printing format as it includes redundant information for 3D printing systems, its algorithms for slicing are far more complex than STL files, and the support structures cannot be created in IGES formats. IGES is a very good interface standard for exchanging information between various CAD systems. It does, however, fall short of meeting the standards for 3D printing systems.
Optimum material distribution of porous functionally graded plates using Carrera unified formulation based on isogeometric analysis
Published in Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures, 2022
Farshad Rahmani, Reza Kamgar, Reza Rahgozar
There are two common ways to obtain control points of curves, surfaces, and volumes. First, control points can be obtained from CAD and IGA books such as [47, 48]. Next, the control points can be obtained from CAD software (e.g., Rhino). For this purpose, the prototype model should be designed in Rhino. Generally, CAD software has the same standard for exchanging data, and the popular format is the Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) [49]. So, the data of any design model in CAD software can be obtained from the IGES file. Detailed information on the IGES file structure and data exchange format can be found in references [49, 50]. All required data for analysis (e.g., number of control points, coordinates of control points, knot vectors, order, etc.) are included in the IGES file. The initial extracted data can be directly used for analysis. But to increase the accuracy of the results, refinement techniques can be utilized (i.e., h, p, and k refinement), which increases the analysis cost.