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Effect of Manufacturing Processes on Design
Published in Mahmoud M. Farag, Materials and Process Selection for Engineering Design, 2020
CAD uses computers in creating design drawings and product models. Using CAD allows the designer to easily create alternative designs in order to select an optimum solution or modify existing designs to meet new product requirements. The CAD system also allows the designer to test the product by subjecting it to a variety of loading and service conditions and to avoid interference between various components in order to avoid difficulties during assembly. The outputs of the CAD system include working drawings with tolerances and surface finish, specifications and properties of materials, and instructions for manufacturing.
Current state and trajectory of design engineering in Kenya
Published in Nnamdi Nwulu, Mammo Muchie, Engineering Design and Mathematical Modelling, 2020
With CAD, the designer gets a virtual image of the product to be developed and this is easily communicated to other members of the design team around the world as the design process is now a collaborative effort in most cases. CAD has made it easier to provide the design to other participants in the product development process, particularly the manufacturers and marketing professionals who may want to modify the product design. With the help of CAD, any proposed modifications can be done on the screen almost instantly without the need to go to the drawing board again and start from scratch.
Use of CAD and CAM and Its Recent Developments in Textiles
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Ashvani Goyal, Anil Kumar Yadav
CAD is a computer-aided design and drafting software implemented on a computer. CAD uses a large number of hardware and software devices. The software available in the market is installed on the system with their drivers. The hardware devices mostly in use are Flat bed plotter, Digitizer, Printer, video display boards and zip driver for backup purpose. Earlier, the manual process of body measurement is not so effective and time consuming. Body scanners have significant advantages in measuring the human body compared with traditional tape measurement methods. The 3D body scan technique captures the three coordinates to cover the complete body measurement. This scanned data is converted into accurate body dimension with the help of software (Nayak and Padhye 2018).
Simulation in the design and operation of manufacturing systems: state of the art and new trends
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the technology related to the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimisation of a design (Conway, Johnson, and Maxwell 1960). A framework of a collaborative intelligent CAD, which consists of the collaborative design protocol and the design history structure, is proposed in (Lee, Kim, and Banerjee 2010). Simulation in tandem with axiomatic design allowed the creation of systems with the highest probability of satisfying the functional requirements (Melvin and Suh 2002). Bodein, Rose, and Caillaud (2014) presented innovative CAD methods for complex parts modelling in parametric CAD system and their application in an industry context. Moreover, a unified approach was proposed by Salonitis and Stavropoulos (2013) that integrated CAD, CAM, and CAPP systems and address the challenges faced during the process planning phase. Future developments are focused on improving human–computer interface, with more intuitive functionalities, such as gestures and voice commands for instance (Kang et al. 2013).
The effects of computer-aided design software on engineering students’ spatial visualisation skills
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2018
Traditional engineering design graphics courses mainly focus on the creation of 2D engineering drawings using precision hand tools, vellum paper, and drafting boards (Branoff, Hartman, and Wiebe 2002). Using isometric and orthographic projection methods and basic engineering graphics guidelines, students were required to draw the necessary views of an object such as a building or a machine part. Completing such a task is quite difficult. To begin with, the student must visualise the object as a whole, as well as the separate parts of the object and the relationships between them. Then, precision drawing abilities are needed; and even for individuals who possess these competencies, the task can be long and laborious. Today, engineering drawings no longer require manual drafting. Instead, in many engineering contexts, the design process is carried out through CAD, using computer software. As such, CAD can be defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis or optimisation of a design (Narayan 2008, 3). AutoCAD, NetCad and Solidworks are some well-known examples of CAD software. In a CAD environment, users can construct 2D and 3D drawings and designs, view the desired section of a design, and observe the design both close-up and from a distance. Thus, the design can be viewed according to various sizes and perspectives. Different aspects of the appearance of the design can also be seen, as well as close-ups of the detail.
Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling in anaerobic digestion: General application and recent advances
Published in Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 2018
Constanza Sadino-Riquelme, Robert E. Hayes, David Jeison, Andrés Donoso-Bravo
Building a geometry of the domain of interest. The first step required is to build a geometry file for the domain. The construction of the geometry can pose some challenges. Simple geometries can often be built using the tools available in the commercial CFD codes, or even using a text editor for simple systems. Tools within a CFD package (if one is used) may be somewhat limited. Computer-aided design (CAD) tools have been designed for this purpose and are ideal for building complex geometries. SolidWorks, AutoCAD, Autodesk Inventor and Solid Edge are just a few of a large list of CAD software. Most CFD packages can import geometry files produced by most popular CAD programs, and use it for mesh generation. In many cases, the actual geometry contains a lot of fine details, which may result in a very complex mesh with many elements. Thus, the geometry is often simplified to reduce meshing complexity, which will result in some error. Such tradeoff between geometrical accuracy and meshing convenience must be analyzed on a case by case basis.