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Parametric Design Method for Personalized Bras
Published in Marcelo M. Soares, Francisco Rebelo, Tareq Z. Ahram, Handbook of Usability and User Experience, 2022
“Parametric design, or parametric modeling, is a CAD technique that uses parameters or variables (numbers, length, points or curves, etc.) to rule, clarify, and encode the relationship between design intent and design response” (Jabi, 2013). Baek and Lee, in their study of parametric human body shape (Baek and Lee, 2012), utilize the parametric design method to integrate the human body shape and size into multiple applications. Other researchers, such as Wang and Shatin, also explore the parametric design methods using mannequins to study human bodies (Wang and Shatin, 2005). These cutting-edge studies provide us valuable experience on how to manipulate the body data, define the parameters and construct the relationship between design inputs and outputs. In this study, our software platform is the Rhino CAD program with Grasshopper Plug-in, which allows us to visualize the logic behind the parametric algorithm on a flowchart-styled processor, adjust the parameter values and reform the 3D models in real-time.
CAD for Textile Fabrics
Published in Yasir Nawab, Syed Talha Ali Hamdani, Khubab Shaker, Structural Textile Design, 2017
The term CAD stands for computer-aided design and is defined as the use of information technology in the design process. The CAD system is usually a combination of hardware and specifically designed software. The hardware includes graphic devices and their peripherals for input and output operations, while the software package manipulates or analyzes shapes according to user interaction. The core of a CAD system is its software, which takes input from product designer, makes use of graphics for storing the product model, and drives the peripherals for product presentation. Use of CAD does not change the nature of design process but aids the product designer. Most of the CAD software packages have the provision to create three-dimensional (3D) models that can be rotated and viewed from any angle. These state-of-the-art modeling CAD packages help architects, engineers, and designers in their design activities.
Use of CAD and CAM and Its Recent Developments in Textiles
Published in Asis Patnaik, Sweta Patnaik, Fibres to Smart Textiles, 2019
Ashvani Goyal, Anil Kumar Yadav
CAD is a computer-aided design and drafting software implemented on a computer. CAD uses a large number of hardware and software devices. The software available in the market is installed on the system with their drivers. The hardware devices mostly in use are Flat bed plotter, Digitizer, Printer, video display boards and zip driver for backup purpose. Earlier, the manual process of body measurement is not so effective and time consuming. Body scanners have significant advantages in measuring the human body compared with traditional tape measurement methods. The 3D body scan technique captures the three coordinates to cover the complete body measurement. This scanned data is converted into accurate body dimension with the help of software (Nayak and Padhye 2018).
Influence of the compensation method of machining errors of Bspline and Cspline
Published in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, 2021
El Bechir Msaddek, Maher Baili, Zoubeir Bouaziz, Gilles Dessein
Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) is an essential step in obtaining a part machined by numerically controlled machine-tools. CAD/CAM software calculates tool paths from geometric information, interpolation engineering information, user instructions, or information from specific software (P G and G C 2003). Then, the Numerical Command (NC) file representing the tool paths is transferred to the Numerical Control Unit (NCU) of the machine which follows the instructions imposed by this file. Fidelity to the theoretical model is the main constraint to respect when using CAD/CAM software. The passage between nodes of the tool path causes contour deviations especially in certain critical areas difficult to reach by the tool (sharp angle, connection). The CAM systems provide several interpolation methods in order to obtain a toolpath that respects the fidelity criterion during the machining of complex shapes (Helleno and Schutzer 2006). Thus, the limitations caused by linear and circular interpolations, especially in High Speed Machining (HSM) of free forms, led to search other ways of path programming such as polynomial interpolations. Our study will give attention to two types of spline interpolation: Bspline and Cspline.
Simulation in the design and operation of manufacturing systems: state of the art and new trends
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2020
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) is the technology related to the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, and optimisation of a design (Conway, Johnson, and Maxwell 1960). A framework of a collaborative intelligent CAD, which consists of the collaborative design protocol and the design history structure, is proposed in (Lee, Kim, and Banerjee 2010). Simulation in tandem with axiomatic design allowed the creation of systems with the highest probability of satisfying the functional requirements (Melvin and Suh 2002). Bodein, Rose, and Caillaud (2014) presented innovative CAD methods for complex parts modelling in parametric CAD system and their application in an industry context. Moreover, a unified approach was proposed by Salonitis and Stavropoulos (2013) that integrated CAD, CAM, and CAPP systems and address the challenges faced during the process planning phase. Future developments are focused on improving human–computer interface, with more intuitive functionalities, such as gestures and voice commands for instance (Kang et al. 2013).
The effects of computer-aided design software on engineering students’ spatial visualisation skills
Published in European Journal of Engineering Education, 2018
Traditional engineering design graphics courses mainly focus on the creation of 2D engineering drawings using precision hand tools, vellum paper, and drafting boards (Branoff, Hartman, and Wiebe 2002). Using isometric and orthographic projection methods and basic engineering graphics guidelines, students were required to draw the necessary views of an object such as a building or a machine part. Completing such a task is quite difficult. To begin with, the student must visualise the object as a whole, as well as the separate parts of the object and the relationships between them. Then, precision drawing abilities are needed; and even for individuals who possess these competencies, the task can be long and laborious. Today, engineering drawings no longer require manual drafting. Instead, in many engineering contexts, the design process is carried out through CAD, using computer software. As such, CAD can be defined as the use of computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis or optimisation of a design (Narayan 2008, 3). AutoCAD, NetCad and Solidworks are some well-known examples of CAD software. In a CAD environment, users can construct 2D and 3D drawings and designs, view the desired section of a design, and observe the design both close-up and from a distance. Thus, the design can be viewed according to various sizes and perspectives. Different aspects of the appearance of the design can also be seen, as well as close-ups of the detail.