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Distributed Control System (DCS)
Published in Chanchal Dey, Sunit Kumar Sen, Industrial Automation Technologies, 2020
In the last decade, the risk of cyber attacks on industrial automation systems has reasonably increased due to widespread use of IT. In addition to endangering information security, these attacks increasingly pose a direct threat to system's safety. Hence, along with operational safety measures for plant equipment, additional software-based safety measures should be adopted to protect technical information systems against intentional or unintentional manipulation as well as against attacks intended to disrupt production processes or access to industrial secrets. Technical standard IEC 62443 defines cyber security standard for IT security in networks and systems. It specifies IT security, separate protection layers with mutually independent operating and protection facilities, and measures to ensure IT security over the full life cycle of a system.
Risk-based regulation and certification of autonomous transport systems
Published in Stein Haugen, Anne Barros, Coen van Gulijk, Trond Kongsvik, Jan Erik Vinnem, Safety and Reliability – Safe Societies in a Changing World, 2018
S.O. Johnsen, Å. Hoem, T. Stålhane, G. Jenssen, T. Moen
The autonomous system decides based on design approved by the manufacturer. Thus, product responsibilities of accidents and incidents must be placed at the manufacturer (OEM). This is in line with the view of the car OEMs Volvo, Google and Mercedes-Benz (Iozzio, 2016). This is also in line with the supervisory responsibility demanded in the Oil and Gas industry (i.e. where the operator is responsible for the chain of suppliers employed). This supervisor responsibility must be placed on the car OEMs, including the continued updating and adaptation of software in use. Certification is needed, such as the ISA/IEC-62443 scheme of industrial control systems used since 2010. However, certification is still being developed, a survey documenting key issues are found in Martin, et al. (2015).
Cybersecurity for the Smart Grid
Published in Stuart Borlase, Smart Grids, 2018
ISA 62443 is a series of standards, organized into four groups that address a broad range of topics necessary for the implementation of a secure Industrial Automation and Control System (IACS). This effort originated through the ISA-99 standards development committee, which brings together over 500 worldwide Industrial Control System Cybersecurity Experts from industry, governments, and academia, and is now being aligned with the IEC 62443 standard. The ISA/IEC 62443 standards define policies and requirements for implementing electronically secure Industrial and Automation Control Systems security practices. It is applicable to the asset owner, the component developer, and the manufacturer. Table 17.4 identifies the IEC 62443 standards, organized into their four groups, along with their status, as some are still in the planning or development stage.
Application of the Internet of Things in the textile industry
Published in Textile Progress, 2019
Hitesh Manglani, George L. Hodge, William Oxenham
Data-exchange format-related standards ensure inter-operability in real industrial environments, interconnecting heterogeneous legacy hardware devices such as robots and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), and software applications (for example, Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), and databases) [32]. These standards help determine data format to allow a seamless flow of data from enterprise resource planning (ERP) to MES and MES to SCADA and are thus mostly based on eXtensible Markup Language (XML). XML is a file format used to create standard information formats and to share both the format and the data on the World Wide Web, intranets, and elsewhere using standard ASCII text. The emergence of data formats for industrial automation, similar to the worldwide web, is key to the integration of the internet and industry to create IoT. Security-related standards include IEC 62443, which is network and system security standard for industrial-process measurement and control, ISO/IEC 27000 family is the standard related to information security management systems, and VDI/VDE 2182 is the standard for security in industrial automation established by the Association of German Engineers.