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Blockchain-Enabled Secure Platforms for Management of Healthcare Data
Published in Arun Solanki, Vishal Jain, Loveleen Gaur, Applications of Blockchain and Big Iot Systems, 2023
Nimrita Koul, Sunilkumar S. Manvi
A blockchain can be public, private, or permissioned. A public chain is open source, free to access and use, e.g., the BTC chain. Once a user decides to join a blockchain network, they have to install the blockchain software and copy the blockchain into their system. User can install mining software and act as a miner node as well. The blockchain of today, known as Block-chain 2.0 offers SCs [31]. A smart contract is a program encoding the terms and conditions for enforcement of a contract between various parties in the blockchain-based transaction. E.g., the Ethereum (ETH) blockchain [7]. SCs can be executed on a server or a node and is known as a decentralized application (DApp). Since the hash between successive blocks is interdependent, the blockchain is immutable against changes hence secure and tamperproof. No block can be modified without modification to following blocks and verification by all other blocks and logging of the change. There is no single, central authority in a blockchain, hence no SPF. All blocks of the chain are replicated on all nodes of the peer network [7]. The only way the blockchain can be attacked is when an attacker gets control on a large number of nodes and mining nodes. Then corrupted data can be inserted [8]. A selfish mining node [8] can hold back transmission all newly mined blocks to blockchain. Figure 11.4 presents the general working of a blockchain based system.
A Lightweight Digital Voting Platform Using Blockchain Technology
Published in Keshav Kaushik, Shubham Tayal, Susheela Dahiya, Ayodeji Olalekan Salau, Sustainable and Advanced Applications of Blockchain in Smart Computational Technologies, 2023
Nithin Kamineni, Veera Nitish Mattaparthi, A. Mona Reddy, T. Mahalakshmi, Vamsi Pachamatla, Kuldeep Chaurasia, Tanmay Bhowmik
Blockchain is a decentralized ledger which can be viewed as a block of chains where each block contains a set of data. The process of adding a new block to the Blockchain is known as mining. The miners use Proof of Work (POW) algorithms to add new blocks to Blockchain. The blockchain for e-voting is shown in Figure 10.1. Each block can be identified by using a unique cryptographic hash. The block thus formed will contain a hash of the previous block, so that blocks can form a chain from the first block to the formed block linked with the help of linked list data structure. The voting block is shown in Figure 10.2. We created decentralized application using a public Blockchain where its transactions don’t require any permission.
IoT-Based Electronic Health Records (EHR) Management System Using Blockchain Technology
Published in Rajdeep Chakraborty, Anupam Ghosh, Valentina Emilia Bălaş, Ahmed A Elngar, Blockchain, 2023
A private blockchain is a permissioned blockchain operating in a closed network only. Permissioned blockchains are a private network to which only a select few people have access. The advantage of permissioned blockchain over permission-less is that they provide access control to the blockchain. The transactions performed by the participants who are part of this blockchain are kept concealed from the rest of the world. These blockchains are frequently utilized within businesses when information is deemed too sensitive to be shared with the general public. You must first get authorization from the blockchain's central authority to validate transactions made on these types of blockchains. Hyperledger Fabric and Ripple are examples of private blockchains.
A study on Diem and Aptos distributed ledger technology
Published in International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems, 2023
Giuseppe Antonio Pierro, Giacomo Ibba, Roberto Tonelli
A Smart contract is a piece of executable code that run on the blockchain to facilitate, execute, and enforce an agreement between untrustworthy parties without the involvement of a trusted third-party [18, 19]. Smart contracts have the ability to convert paper contracts into digital contracts [20, 21]. Compared to traditional contracts, smart contracts enabled users to codify their agreements and trust relations by providing automated transactions without the supervision of a central authority [18]. In order to prevent contract tampering, smart contracts are copied to each node of the blockchain network [22, 23]. By enabling the execution of the operations by computers and services provided by blockchain platforms, human error could be reduced to avoid disputes regarding such contracts [18].
AI and emerging technology adoption: a research agenda for operations management
Published in International Journal of Production Research, 2023
Viswanath Venkatesh, Raji Raman, Frederico Cruz-Jesus
As noted at the outset, blockchain is a distributed, decentralised ledger system to record transactions among multiple parties in a verifiable, tamperproof way. It can also be programmed to trigger transactions automatically. Integrating AI with blockchain enhances the impact of existing blockchain technology by increasing security, efficiency, privacy and better management. One example of a tool is Bext360, a software suite aimed at improving transparency and efficiency in coffee, timber, seafood and mineral industries. AI and blockchain together have the potential to be somewhat of an ideal combination, as blockchain generates a lot of shared data that needs to be effectively and efficiently processed, often in real-time. Although blockchain research has been mainly focused on bitcoin and smart contracts (Wamba and Queiroz 2020), studies regarding the interplay of blockchain and supply chain management are emerging showcasing promising results such as improved timeliness, increase of fulfilled orders and a significant reduction of operational costs (Cammarano et al. 2022; Tian et al. 2022).
An efficient integrity based multi-user blockchain framework for heterogeneous supply chain management applications
Published in International Journal of Computers and Applications, 2023
Mani Deep Karumanchi, J. I. Sheeba, S. Pradeep Devaneyan
A blockchain can be classified as Permissionless or permissioned, with the former being the default setting. A public blockchain, or ‘permissionless’ blockchain, is accessible to everyone. However, despite its enormous potential, it may not be suitable for business owners who prefer to have full control over their transaction processing system, like those who use Bitcoin. Businesses may have specific needs and complex operations that necessitate customized solutions that limit outsiders’ involvement [6]. The scalability, regulatory institutions, and control over the evolution of a permissionless blockchain are also issues. Companies are now looking at other options, such as permissioned blockchain, which can be controlled privately and restricts participation in the blockchain network to only trusted participants. This type of blockchain is called a private blockchain because it is only accessible to those who have permission. Customers and suppliers are involved in a supply chain scenario in which blockchain technology is used. If the fee per transaction is lower, suppliers will gain more. When the payment due date is extended, the buyer’s benefit is realised. Benefits to the funder are realised by reducing the time it takes to process a transaction so that more and more transactions can be completed in the same amount of time [7].